L-Shaped Array for Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope

L-Shaped Array for Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope Conceptual A variety of eight recieving wires with various design, all the more exactly a L-molded cluster has been worked for the Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) venture. It comprises of recently structured Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA). The main phase of the undertaking was to test the current cluster of DPLPDA reception apparatuses in a parallelconfiguration the North South way and to present various upgrades. Likewise, comparision of information was finished with the Durban University of Technology (DUT) at Durban RSA where a comparative cluster was developed. Next, UV inclusion of various clusters were reenacted. From that point onward, the DPLPDA were constructed.After setting up the cluster, the recieving wire reaction of every radio wire was tried and the outcomes acquired was deciphered. The last test was to test the total cluster in the wake of consolidating all the recieving wires. Part 1 Presentation and Overview 1.1Introduction 1.1.1Radio Astronomy Radio cosmology is the investigation of heavenly items that emanate radio waves.In the 1930’s, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), working for the Bell Laboratories, was attempting to decide the birthplace of the wellspring of commotion meddling with radio voice transmissions. He fabricated a steerable recieving wire intended to get radio waves at a recurrence of 20.5 MHz. From the perceptions, he found that the time of the earth’s turn comparative with the radio source was 23 hours and 56 minutes rather than 24 hours. Consequently, he inferred that the source was follwing sidereal time. He additionally saw that the most grounded radiation was originating from the focal point of our Milky Way galaxy.Inspired by Jansky’s work, Grote Reber (1911-2002) fabricated an illustrative radio telescope of distance across 9m in his back yard, in 1937. After a few preliminaries, Reber effectively distinguished radio outflow from the Milky Way, in 1938, affirming Janskys disclosure. This prompted the disclosure of a scope of heavenly articles, for example, radio systems, quasars, and pulsars with radio emanation with different kinds of recieving wires. [1] 1.1.2.1 Radio Interferometry Radio interferometry are varieties of radio recieving wires that are utilized inastronomicalobservations at the same time to reproduce singletelescopesof very largeapertures and are utilized to make estimations of fine rakish detail in the radio emanation. Radio interferometry empower estimation of the situation of radio sources with exactness to permit distinguishing proof of different articles recognized in the electromagnetic range. Michelson and Pease made the revelation of the interferometric procedures in 1921. They had the option to acquire adequately fine precise goals to gauge the distances across of a portion of the closer stars, for example, Arcturus and Betelgeuse. [2] 1.1.2.2 Aperture Synthesis Opening Synthesis or Synthesis Imaging is a sort of interferometry that associates radio signs got from an assortment of telescopes or reception apparatuses to create pictures. These pictures have a similar rakish goals as that of the size of a solitary and an a lot bigger telescope or reception apparatus. Opening union was first found by Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 †14 October 1984) and colleagues from the Radio Astronomy Group at Cambridge University at radio frequencies. In 1974, Martin Ryle was the main cosmologist granted a Nobel Prize. [3] Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) additionally utilizes radio interferometric methods. TypicallyVLBIrefers to tests that don't procedure their information continuously, however record it for latercorrelation to deliver the subsequent picture. It accomplishes ultra-high precise goals and is a multi-disciplinary procedure. VLBIis utilized in estimating pulsar parallaxes andproper movement, settling the centers of radio cosmic systems and fets from supermassive dark gaps, among others. [14] A portion of the generally utilized radio interferometers are: the Very Large Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico,USA; It comprises of 27 radio recieving wires, every one of distance across 25 meters, along three arms of a Y-formed design spread more than three 21 kilometers tracks giving 351 baselines. [4] the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), worked by Jordrell Bank Observatory; It is a variety of 7 radio telescopes spread across Britain with detachment as much as 217 kilometers working at frequencies between 151 MHz and 24 GHz. [5] the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in Narrabri, NSW, Australia. The telescope is a variety of six indistinguishable 22 meters width dishes with five mobile dishes along a 3 kilometers railroad track and the 6th one is 3 kilometers west toward the finish of the fundamental track. The most extreme pattern length is 2.7 kilometers and the watching frequencies are from 300 MHz to 8 GHz.[6] the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Narayangaon,Pune, India. It comprises of 30 steerable allegorical dish every one of breadth 45 meters opertaing at six distinctive recurrence groups and where 14 dishes are orchestrated in a focal square and staying 6 of every a three arm Y-molded exhibit giving a standard of around 25 Kilometers . [7] A portion of the new radio interferometers are: Low Frequency Array (LoFAR) in north of Exloo, the Netherlands (center) and neighboring nations It is a staged cluster of radio telescopes of around 25,000 little recieving wires in at 48 bigger stations where 40 of these stations are conveyed over the north of Netherlands, five stations in Germany, and one each in Great Britain, France and Sweden and has a low requency run from 10-240 MHz. [8] Figure 1: The LoFAR Array Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in llano de Chajnantar Observatory, Atacama Desert,Chile It comprises of sixty six 12 meters and 7 meters distance across radio telescopes seeing at frequencies of 0.3 to 9.6 millimeters . [9] Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Murchison Radio Astronomy Observatory, Western Australia It comprises of 2048 double polarization dipole recieving wires, each a 44 cluster of dipoles and works at low radio frequencies, 80-300 MHz, with a handled data transmission of 30.72 MHz for both straight polarisations, and comprises of 128 opening exhibits (known as tiles) dispersed over roughly 3-kilometers distance across region. [10] Figure 2: MWA Antenna tiles KAT7 MeerKAT in Northern Cape, South Africa Figure 3: Aerial View of KAT7 KAT-7 comprise of 7 dishes of 12 meters in measurement each a Prime Focus Reflecting Telescopes having a base standard of 26 meters and most extreme pattern of 185 meters and have a recurrence scope of 1200 MHz †1950 MHz. KAT-7 is a designing model for the MeerKAT. KAT-7 is the world’s first radio telescope exhibit with fiberglass dishes. . MeerKAT, which is still under development and is scheduled for fruition in 2016 , will comprise of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters in distance across having a base standard of 29 meters and most extreme gauge of 20 kilometers and it will work at recurrence extending from 580MHz †1.75 GHz and 8 †15 Ghz.[11,12] e-MERLIN is an improved and updated exhibit of the old MERLIN array.The e-MERLIN instrument is a high goals radio interferometer associated by another optical fiber system to Jodrell Bank Observatory. This new framework offers ascend to a monstrous increment in affectability and observational capabilities.[13] Figure 4: e-MERLIN exhibit European VLBI Netwok (EVN) is an interferometric exhibit of radio telescopes spread across Europe which likewise remembers stations for far-East Asia , South Africa and Puerto Rico that conducts high goals radio galactic perceptions of radio sources. It is the most delicate VLBI cluster on the planet. It was shaped in 1980 and the overseeing body presently involves 14 institutes[15].TheEVNalso routinely joins different systems, for example, theVery Long Baseline Array (VLBA)and the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), to turn into a globalVLBIarray. The VLBA is spread all through Mauna Kea , Hawaii and St Croix. It ordinarily comprises of 10 VLA radio recieving wires and as result it has a most extreme gauge surpassing 8000 Km[16]. A portion of things to come African based new radio interferometers are: African VLBI Network (AVN) Multi-Frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) 1.1.3 MITRA (Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy) 1.1 The MITRA is a universal radio space science venture which intends to do extremly wide field of imaging with heterogenius non coplanar clusters. The abbreviation of MITRA implies â€Å"friend† in Sanskrit. It is a low recurrence exhibit telescope mutually began by Girish Kumar Beeharry from University of Mauritius (UOM) nd Stuart David Macpherson and Gary Peter Janse Van Vuuren from the Durban University of Technolagy (DUT) in South Africa. The task is by and large at the same time executed at the Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT), situated at Bras D’Eau Mauritius, site and at the DUT grounds site. The ventures will at that point be extended to the distinctive SKA Africa accomplice nations and in the long run to other African nations. Information from every nation will be consolidated to shape a universal gap union telescope utilizing the methods of Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). It is a delicate high goals multifrequency double extremity instrument in the scope of 200 to 800 MHz. The instrument picked for this reason for existing are Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA)[17]. 1.1.4 African Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) The African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) is a variety of radio telescopes all through Africa. It is wanted to frame some portion of the current worldwide VLBI systems . It will be related with the European VLBI Network (EVN ). The latteris a consortium of significant radio space science establishments in Europe and China (Schilizzi). It has part and related radio telescopes in Europe, China, South Africa (Hartebeesthoek0, Japan(Kashima) and Puerto Rico (Arecibo). The EVN is

The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner Free Essays

string(108) complex relationship with Baba, and as much as Amir cherishes Baba, he seldom feels Baba completely adores him back. â€Å"A kid who won’t support himself turns into a man who can’t face anything. † Baba says these words to Rahim Khan while he is discussing Amir toward the finish of Chapter 3, and the citation uncovers significant qualities in both Amir and Baba. With these words, Baba summarizes one of Amir’s significant character flawsâ€his cowardiceâ€and Baba shows how much worth he puts in going to bat for what is correct. We will compose a custom paper test on The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Baba is hesitant to laud Amir, to a great extent since he feels Amir does not have the mental fortitude to try and go to bat for himself, leaving Amir continually longing for Baba’s endorsement. Amir’s want for this endorsement just as his weakness later reason him to let Assef assault Hassan. The citation additionally hints the significant trial of Amir’s character that happens when he should conclude whether to come back to Kabul to spare Sohrab. As Amir scans for recovery, the inquiry he battles with is decisively what concerned Baba: does he have the mental fortitude and solidarity to go to bat for what is correct? â€Å"I really sought to weakness, in light of the fact that the other option, the genuine explanation I was running, was that Assef was correct: Nothing was free in this world. Possibly Hassan was the value I needed to pay, the sheep I needed to kill, to win Baba. † When Amir says this, at the finish of Chapter 7, he has quite recently watched Assef assault Hassan,and as opposed to intercede, he fled. Amir says he tried to weakness on the grounds that, in his estimation, what he did was more terrible than weakness. On the off chance that dread of being harmed by Assef were the principle reason he ran, Amir proposes that in any event would have been increasingly legitimized. Rather, he permitted the assault to happen on the grounds that he needed the blue kite, which he thought would demonstrate to Baba that he was a victor like him, winning him Baba’s love and endorsement. The cost of the kite, as Amir says, was Hassan, and this is the reason Amir calls Hassan the sheep he needed to kill. He draws a correlation among Hassan and the sheep relinquished during the Muslim occasion of Eid Al-Adha to celebrate Abraham’s close to forfeit of his child to God. In this specific circumstance, Hassan was the penance Amir needed to make to get the kite and at last to pick up Baba’s fondness. â€Å"That was quite a while prior, however it’s wrong what they state about the past, I’ve educated, about how you can cover it. Since the past paws out. Thinking back now, I understand I have been looking into that abandoned rear entryway for he last twenty-six years. † At the beginning of Chapter 1, similarly as the book starts, Amir composes these words. With them, he indicates the focal show of the story and the explanation he is telling it. To the peruser, the citation capacities as a secret. It arouses the reader’s curiosity with out uncovering precisely what Amir is discussing, and from the timespan Amir makes reference to, twenty-six years, the peruser gets a thought of exactly how significant this second was. As the story unfurls, we understand that the abandoned back street Amir alludes to is the place Hassan was assaulted, and that this occasion has to a great extent characterized the course of Amir’s life since. This is the thing that Amir implies when he says that the past keeps on tearing out. Attempt as he would to cover it, he couldn't on the grounds that his sentiments of blame continued emerging. Therefore, he metaphorically keeps looking into the back street where Assef assaulted Hassan, truly implying that he props up over the occasion in his psyche. â€Å"There is an approach to be acceptable once more. † (pg. 2) Rahim Khan said this to Amir to urge him to help Hassan’s child get away from Afghanistan. †And he got the chance to choose what was dark and what was white. You can’t love an individual who experience that path without dreading him as well. Possibly loathing him a bit. † (pg 15) This is Amir’s evaluation of his dad. It was a look I had seen previously. It was the vibe of the sheep. † (pg. 76) Here Amir depicts the look on Hassan’s face as Assef and two others assault him. The look helps Amir to remember a sacrifical sheep. I begrudged her. Her mystery was out. Spoken. Managed. † (pg 165) Amir offers this remark to the peruser after Soraya reveals to him the entire story of how she fled with a man and disgraced her family. He wishes he could determine what privileged insights he hefts around, as well. Baba had wrestled bears as long as he can remember . . At long last, a bear had come that he couldn’t best. Be that as it may, and still, at the end of the day, he had lost on his own terms. † (pg 174) Baba has passed on and Amir summarizes his existence with these words. The Search For Redemption Amir’s journey to vindicate himself makes up the core of the novel. At an ea rly stage, Amir endeavors to make up for himself in Baba’s eyes, principally in light of the fact that his mom passed on bringing forth him, and he feels dependable. To make up for himself to Baba, Amir figures he should win the kite-competition and present to Baba the losing kite, the two of which are impelling occurrences that set the remainder of the novel moving. The more significant piece of Amir’s scan for recovery, be that as it may, comes from his blame with respect to Hassan. That blame drives the climactic occasions of the story, including Amir’s excursion to Kabul to discover Sohrab and his encounter with Assef. The ethical standard Amir must meet to acquire his reclamation is set from the get-go in the book, when Baba says that a kid who doesn’t defend himself turns into a man who can’t face anything. As a kid, Amir neglects to go to bat for himself. As a grown-up, he can just make up for himself by demonstrating he has the mental fortitude to go to bat for what is correct. The Love and Tension Between Fathers and Sons Amir has an exceptionally perplexing connection with Baba, and as much as Amir cherishes Baba, he seldom feels Baba completely adores him back. You read The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner in class Exposition models Amir’s want to win Baba’s love therefore inspires him not to stop Hassan’s assault. Baba has his own trouble interfacing with Amir. He feels remorseful treating Amir well when he can’t recognize Hassan as his child. Therefore, he is no picnic for Amir, and he can just show his affection for Hassan by implication, by bringing Hassan along when he takes Amir out, for example, or paying for Hassan’s lip medical procedure. Conversely with this, the most cherishing connection among father and child we see is that of Hassan and Sohrab. Hassan, be that as it may, is slaughtered, and close to the finish of the novel we watch Amir attempting to turn into a substitute dad to Sohrab. Their relationship encounters its own strains as Sohrab, who is recouping from the loss of his folks and the maltreatment he endured, experiences difficulty opening up to Amir. At the point when we got to Kabul, I [Rahim Khan] found that Hassan had no goal of moving into the house. â€Å"But every one of these rooms are unfilled, Hassan jan. Nobody will live in them,† I said. However, he would not. He said it involved ihtiram, a matter of regard. He and Farzana moved their things into the hovel in the patio, where he was conceived. I argued for them to move into one of the visitor rooms upstairs, however Hassan would hear nothing of it. â€Å"What will Amir agha think? † he said to me. â€Å"What will he think when he returns to Kabul after the war and finds that I have expected his place in the house? † Then, in grieving for your dad, Hassan donned dark for the following forty days. (16. 24-25) You might be befuddled by the voice here. It’s really not Amir †Rahim Khan gets one section in the book. Rahim Khan relates his excursion to Hazarajat to discover Hassan and take him back to the house in Kabul. When Hassan moves back to the house with Rahim Khan, he will not live where Baba and Amir lived. Does Hassan’s refusal recommend that Hassan is just Amir’s hireling and the two never accomplished an equivalent companionship? (Side inquiry: Does Hassan sense †on some oblivious level †Baba’s genuine relationship to him? Is that why he grieves Baba for forty days? ) I felt like a man sliding down a precarious bluff, grasping at bushes and tangles of thorns and coming up with hardly a penny. The room was plunging all over, influencing side to side. Did Hassan know? † I said through lips that didn’t feel like my own. Rahim Khan shut his eyes. Shook his head. [†¦ ] â€Å"Please think, Amir Jan. It was a dishonorable circumstance. Individuals would talk. All that a man had in those days, all that he was, was his respect, his name, and if individuals talked†¦ We couldn’t tell anybody, without a doubt you can see that. † He went after me, yet I shed his hand. Set out toward the entryway. [†¦ ] I opened the entryway and went to him. â€Å"Why? What can you say to me? I’m thirty-eight years of age and I’ve simply discovered as long as I can remember is one major screwing lie! What can you say to improve things? Nothing. Not a goddamn thing! † (17. 57-63) Rahim Khan educates Amir concerning Baba’s selling out of him, Hassan, and Ali. Here’s the story: Baba laid down with Sanaubar, Ali’s spouse, and fathered Hassan. Be that as it may, Baba never informed Amir or Hassan regarding it. We wonder if Rahim Khan’s disclosure makes life simpler or harder for Amir. From one viewpoint, Amir sees, just because, the similitudes among himself and his dad. Presently he knows he wasn’t the just one strolling around with a huge amount of blocks (a. k. a. mystery blame). Be that as it may, does this truly support Amir? Is it ameliorating at all to realize his dad committed comparative errors? Amir’s selling out of Hassan carries him closer to Baba in manners he couldn’t have anticipated. Despite the fact that the two don’t share similar privileged insights, they do share the mystery of blame. â€Å"You know,† Rahim Khan stated,

The Fading Pulp Magazine Subculture

The Fading Pulp Magazine Subculture My sixth-grade teacher, Mrs. Saunders, read us A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle the year it was first published. I didn’t know it then, but that story set me on a path towards pulp magazines. It was 1962, I was eleven. L’Engle’s story infected me with the science fiction bug by passing on memes that first emerged in Amazing Stories and Astounding Science Fiction in the 1920s and 1930s. As a sixth-grader, I did not know about genres, but I’d walk up and down the shelves at Air Base Elementary or the base library at Homestead Air Force Base looking for books about space travel. By the eighth grade, I was a dedicated bookworm. I could now distinguish genres by cover art or the blurbs on dust jackets, but I was yet to know how genres emerged from the pulp magazine era. Fiction hasn’t always been pigeonholed into convenient categories allowing bookworms to binge-read their favorite kinds of stories. About a year later I stumbled onto two old books in the dusty stacks of the Miami Public Library, worn down and rebound, that were early hardbacks of science fiction. One was Adventures in Time and Space (1946) edited by Raymond J. Healy and J. Francis McComas and the other was A Treasury of Science Fiction (1948) edited by Groff Conklin. These two pioneering works collected the best science fiction short stories from the pulp magazines of the 1930s and 1940s. I was getting very close to the source of the river we call science fiction. Then I found science fiction historian Sam Moskowitz  and his books,  Explorers of the Infinite (1963) and Seekers of Tomorrow (1965), that gave the history of both science fiction and pulp magazines, roughly 1900â€"1950. By this time, I was in ninth grade, making my own money with a paper route and mowing lawns and starting to buy books. I found a used bookstore that sold old digest size magazines that were the descendants of pulp magazines, including  Galaxy, If, Analog, Amazing, Fantastic, and FSF. Only two of them still publish today. Before Star Trek premiered in September  1966 I knew no one else who read science fiction. These magazines proved there were others like me, but where were they? At the time I thought I had discovered a secret subculture. In the science fiction digests, I’d read essays by science fiction writers about when they were growing up reading the pulps and how they had to hide their copy of Astounding Science Fiction in respectable books because reading pulp fiction was considered very low class and reading science fiction meant you believed in that crazy Buck Rogers stuff. In 1967 I finally found a friend who read science fiction, and weve been arguing ever since because we didn’t agree which stories and authors were best. I still didn’t know about the real pulp magazine then, but when I moved to Memphis in the early 1970s I saw a letter to the editor in Amazing Stories from a guy who lived in town. I found his name in the phone book and called him up. He told me about the local science fiction club. That’s where I met two older men who had large collections of pulp magazines. They were Darrell Richardson and Claude Saxon. The first club meeting I attended was at Richardson’s house, and he gave us a tour of his extensive collection. I learned later he had one of the largest collection of pulps in Americaâ€"and he was a Baptist preacher. I became friends with Saxon, who had a large, but not famous, collection. Claude inspired me to start buying old pulps and to get into silent movies. Thats the thing about the pulp fans, they also loved all kinds of old pop culture. It was the early 1970s and I found fandom, fanzines, and conventions. I remember going to my first convention in Kansas City and thinking I had finally found my people. There were many buyers and sellers of pulps at the con. This is how I learn about older generations growing up reading the pulp magazines. Claude was a generation older than most of us in the science fiction club. His favorite pulp magazines were from the 1900s through the 1920s like All-Story, Argosy, Adventure, Blue Book, before the pulps broke into genre magazines. We owe or can blame the pulp magazine publishers for dividing fiction into marketing categories. Pulp magazines were television before television, providing Americans with fictional escapism. Short stories were like half-hour TV shows, novelettes were like hour shows, and novellas and serialized novels were like mini-series. Before television became popular in the 1950s, pulp magazine were the main source of popular fiction. The pulps offered way more genres than television ever did. In the 1950s the book, television, and movie industries consolidated the genres into westerns, mysteries, thrillers, fantasy, science fiction, horror, romance, and a few others; before that, fans could subscribe to dedicate magazines devoted to single topic stories like airplane combat or spicy ranch romances. If I had born earlier, I might not have spent a lifetime of reading mostly science fiction. Claude read all kinds of pulp magazines. He loved detective pulps, western pulps, railroad pulps, aviation pulps, and so on. Claude seemed much older than his actual years, living in the past that existed before he was born. He was a big guy and reminded me of Sidney Greenstreet. He read more books than any other person than I’ve ever met, then and since. He handed down a love of pulp magazines to countless folks. Then in 1977, I had to grow up. I stopped going to the science fiction club, quit going to conventions, and sold my science fiction books and pulp magazine collection. I got married and started a job I stuck with for 36 years. Now that I’m retired I’ve returned to reading pulps. I’ve bought a few pulps again  but decided they are too old, too expensive, and too fragile to collect any more. But I have discovered a subculture on the internet that shares digital scans of the old pulp magazines. If youre curious, try these sites: The Pulp Magazine Archive Pulp Magazine Project The Luminist League Over the years, beautiful coffee table books about the pulps appear, but quickly go out-of-print. The Art of the Pulps: An Illustrated History is the most recent history. Even back in the early 1970s, the pulp magazine subculture was dying. Television killed off pulp magazines in the 1950s, though a handful of digest-sized magazines continue to publish. At one time, hundreds of pulp titles filled the newsstands. Half-a-century later, a tiny subculture collects, cherishes, and preserves them. They still hold pulp magazine conventions, but the fans are old, and the cons are smaller. Old pulp fans lament they can’t get their kids and grandkids interested. They worry about what will happen to their collections. Once again, the internet is changing things. Some old pulp fans are scanning their pulps and putting them online. It’s not legal, but no one cares. No one cares because so damn few people read the pulp magazines anymore, even when they are free. Yet, these pulp scanners are doing a kind of volunteer librarian work, creating special collections for researchers and possibly future readers. At first, pulp scanners quickly scanned issues and uploaded them. Then a few scanners started taking more pride in their work. They bought better scanners, they learned Photoshop, they started removing stains, rust marks, fixing smudges, tears, staple holes, creases, and even whiting the acid browned paper. I recently saw a scan of an old 1927 Saturday Evening Post that looked pristine with bright new pages. Pulp magazines were printed on cheap wood pulp paper that’s not archival or acid-free. Their pages turn darker brown every year, becoming brittle. If you try to bend a corner to bookmark a page, the corner will snap off. It’s almost impossible to safely read a pulp magazine today without harming it. The pulp scanners use CBR/CBZ comic book file formats or the universal PDF formats that will preserve pulps as long as we keep our digital civilization going. Pulp scanning is a labor of love. Mostly old bookworms are preserving the pop culture of their youth. Will lovers of todays fan fiction work as hard to preserve their pop culture when they get to their social security years? Will fans of Harry Potter and Hermione Granger preserve all the extensive pop culture artifacts they generate when they reach Dumbledores age? Now that I’m retired I’ve returned to reading old pulp magazines. I am among the few of the baby boomer generation that still loves the pulps. I got that love from an older generation. I’d like to see younger generations take up that love, but I doubt it will happen. I remember being in my twenties and meeting very old men, and they were always men, who remembered and collected dime novels. In the 1960s, Sam Moskowitz wrote about the dying generation of dime novel collectors, like Im writing about the dying pulp fans now. Most people embrace the pop culture of their formative years. A small percentage of every generation try to keep up with succeeding waves of newer pop culture. And a small percentage of us work backward in time embracing older generations of pop culture. I was born in 1951 and I have moved both forward and backward  in time. I’ve stretched my pop culture embrace from the 1920s through the 1980s, and know a bit of the pop culture three decades on either end of that range. The pulp magazine subculture is fading away. Its fans are dying, and I tend to feel genre distinctions are beginning to fade too. Writers now must top each other by writing multi-genre novels. Maybe it’s time to stop segregating fiction by theme. But then, if bookworms keep reading by genre theyre at least carrying on a tradition that started with the pulp magazines. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Racism- An Aid to American Society - 2184 Words

Racism – An Aid to American Society? â€Å"Racism is actions, practices or beliefs, or social or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities.† (Newman, 2012) Racism has promulgated after the slavery in America, and these practices are still evident in our generations today. Oftentimes, when the word â€Å"racism† is heard by many, negative characteristics on these actions will be dominant. Many perceive racism as disrespect to one’s rich culture and heritage, thus causing a lot of hatred. Despite my strong objection on the act of racism, I believe that racism played a major role in the development and rise to†¦show more content†¦Racism is what justified America’s thirst for expansion through the Manifest Destiny which gave an ideological dimension to its actions. It is important to see, at this point, that America is a country which gives a huge imp ortance to its national beliefs which include liberalism, self-determinism and democracy. Tierney (2011) says that it is ingrained so much so that there is a liberal hegemony in the way Americans think, making its existence natural to America and its inhabitants. The liberty of Americans justifies the Manifest Destiny’s expansionist ideas by its dimension of free development for Americans. Race, here, became one of the determinants of who were to pay the price of that development and who were to profit. While countries such as Russia and China imposed their ideologies on their countries which already had their nationalist ideologies, America was born under its own, making the connection between its core beliefs and Manifest Destiny an effective engine to justify the latter. When the original version of the Manifest Destiny was accomplished in 1890, â€Å"free development† was found to be possible through two more activities, nation-building in the Americas and Imperial ism (â€Å"Manifest Destiny†, n.d.). Nation-building took form in slavery in tobacco farms, developing from an economic venture to a cultural endeavor (p.109, Fields, 1990). Slavery also led to the empowerment of the other citizens, with both formingShow MoreRelatedBlack Sexual Politics1702 Words   |  7 Pagesof the many races is a continuous goal in the war on racism in America. Once accepted, many racial identities go under huge scrutiny by the media, society, and their other racial counterparts, etc. Black Sexual Politics by Patricia Hill Collins is a critical analysis of blacks in America and blacks as a race. 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The film begins with Wise’s personal story on how he learned the importance of race at a young age after attending preschool at Tennessee State University, a historically African American college. Being one of the only Caucasian students and being taught by predominantly African American administrators, allowed Wise to gain respect for African American authority figures which ultimately made a huge difference inRead MoreMedia s Influen ce On American Culture1256 Words   |  6 PagesWith the right instruments, media has had a very sizable impact on American society and culture. Media has grown immensely popular and has remarkably gained influence that it’s altered the way we judge each other. American culture has exposed young children to many varieties of media; they watch TV more than once a day, some have smartphones to search the web, a few are even on Facebook; media’s become a vast component of American culture. Unfortunately, media exposes youngsters to exaggerated stereotypesRead MoreBooker T Washington Vs Dubois Analysis930 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both strived for change in ending racism each in their own way. There are some people that believed the peaceful way that Washington went about achieving change to end racism was the best way, and there are others that believed that DuBois’ idea to agitate to achieve the end of racism was a bet ter plan. Washington was very non-confrontational in his stance of how African-American people should ultimately achieve this goal. DuBois tried to achieve the goalRead MoreSegregation Within The Housing Market843 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people talk about racism throughout modern society, a question that emerges is â€Å"How does modern racism influence residency and neighborhoods in economic and political viewpoints?† Some argue that segregation within the housing market has been a devastating, long-term, issue for African Americans as a result of racial zoning due to income along with race, while others believe that the United States has indeed enforced policies to prevent blacks from obtaining and maintaining wealth to merge withRead MoreTennis Is On The Right Track By Giving Equal Prize Money1505 Words   |  7 Pagespretend it doesn’t exist they deny that after all these years’ racism isn’t happening but it is still happening and very much aliv e. Tennis prides itself on being innovators. People think tennis is on the right track by giving equal prize money to both male and females and giving both genders equal opportunity in television and media coverage but the fact remains that tennis wouldn’t fully be there until they take that one step and drop the racism. This may seem like an impossible task but with lots ofRead MoreThe Beliefs Of Misconceptions And Gender, Race, And Sexuality1472 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches the beliefs of misconceptions already existent towards multi social groups’ underlying different issues mostly affecting African Americans. These issues highlighted by Collins include, â€Å"a set of ideas and social practices shaped by gender, race, and sexuality that frame Black men and women’s treatment of one another, as well as how African Americans are perceived and treated by others† (p.7). These ideas encapsulate a false understanding of the issues surrounding the persecu tions the black

Beautiful Music of the Middle Ages - 543 Words

Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations of the soul, it is one of the most magnificent and delightful presents God has given us -Martin Luther. Music was a part of life then and it is a part of life today. Without music, life itself would be a mistake. Seeing the changes over the years is a great way to follow the patterns and differences this way of communicating has shown us. Some of the more popular music was the Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet and Madrigal. In the early Middle Ages around 590 ACE the Gregorian Chant was popularized by Pope Gregory the Fourth. The Gregorian Chant was a form of monophonic tune of the Roman Catholic Church (Music Through the Ages). Monophonic is a musical style employing a single melodic line without accompaniment. This style was oral by tradition and only served as a memory aid for a singer who already knew the melody (http://en.wikipedia.org). Memorizing is a difficult task, it is even harder to memorize music that was taught to them orally. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using neumes, an early form of musical notation (http://www.britannica.com). These neumes later formed the modern four and five line staff development. Being a monophonic tune the Gregorian Chant was losing interest and a new style was born. In the Musica Enchiriadis â€Å"musical handbook†, Organum consisted of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note. Organum changed the way of music for the medieval people;Show MoreRelatedClassical Music Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is such an amazing and wonderful thing. There are so many different possibilities when it comes to music. One of the fascinating things about music is that there is always room for improvement. Composers are making better and better music everyday. Music is always changing and composers are creating new never before heard pieces constantly. There is such a wide range of music that it is almost impossible for someone to not like at least one kind of music. The combination of keys and instrumentsRead MoreMiddle Ages And Renaissance Era1081 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Ages and Renaissance Era The Middle Ages were not known for their choice in government, ways of living, or their views on the Church. Rather, they were known for making the best of what was given to the, which was music. During the early Middle Ages, peasants stayed bound to the land they were given, but had to depend on landlords for protection. Also, many social bonds were ties of kinship, which lead to the emergence of feudalism among the warrior aristocracy (The Middle Ages: Feudal LifeRead MoreEssay Immorality in Chaucers Canterbury Tales1646 Words   |  7 PagesImmorality and moral ambiguity are two concepts that will ruin any relationship. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, he specifically illustrates through his pilgrims’ stories some comical and realistic events that display immorality in the Middle Ages. There are several characters whose stories are focused on presenting the immorality within their tales. Like that of â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† and â€Å"Th e Merchant’s Tale.† Chaucer utilizes these tales to display one specific immoral act, which is sexualRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Renaissance1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof overall enlightening for the human race. Religious reformation occurred within the Roman Catholic Church through Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. The Renaissance was also defining for music. It was within this time period that musical notation was invented along with word painting and polyphony. The Renaissance was the age in which humans finally began to express and explore themselves fully and embody the arts. 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It leaves listeners to wond er what was going on during that time in a composer’s life. Whether it was joyful and happy or depressing and dark, the audience wants to know the motive behind the composition of music. Classical radio stations are the perfect place to enjoy the music that started it all Classical radioRead MoreEssay on Music in The Middle Ages1340 Words   |  6 Pagesinto our history, it is very hard to graze over the fact that music has reigned as one of the most influential components of artistic expression in our time. It has been a part of numerous peoples lives across the globe since the beginning of time. Music has been able to not only define the people that craft it, but encompass and define a whole time period and culture in its own, leaving a very bold mark upon history. Two pieces of music that have played integral roles during their time are â€Å"In Paradisum†Read MoreLeonardo s Madonna Of The Rocks1298 Words   |  6 Pagesmany Renaissance artists became celebrities in their lifetimes. Artists benefited from the patronage of rich merchants and rulers, and were well known during their own times, unlike the anonymous artists who had produced works in guilds during the middle ages. Great fame and influence was conferred upon the great artists of the day, and they were celebrated wherever they traveled. This fame convinced many artists that they deserved special privileges and consideration, which they were often granted.Read MoreMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith The Middle Ages is often referred to as the Age of Faith and it is correct to do so, as during this period religion dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art and music. The dominant religion during this period was Christianity. The middle ages saw the emergence #8230; of Christian literary forms#8230; a popular religious culture centred around processions, icons, and relics (George Holmes 42). The crusades were wars fought in theRead MoreA Fan Of Classical Music Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesAs a fan of classical music, I decided to attend the Mutter Bronfman Harrell Trio. Which consists of Anne-Sophie Mutter on Violin, Yefim Bronfman on Piano, and Lynn Harrell on Cello. Their powerful bond within the music, grasped my attention. I have heard many single instruments, but never the violin, piano, and cello all in one. It was defiantly a new and exciting experience, which I would like to be part of again. The group name is The Mutter Bronfman Harrell Trio, which like I mention before consists

Australian Federalism Free Essays

This essay will outline the issues discussed during the ‘Policy Roundtable on Federalism’ hosted by the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) and the Institute of Public Administration Australia (IPAA) on the 17–18 May 2007 and will explore their impact on federalism and provide possible steps to overcome them. The Roundtable discussion made it apparent that Australian federalism is dysfunctional and needed shaping up. The reasons included a combination of external and internal factors and pressures. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Federalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pragmatic reform process could address these factors and pressures to improve Commonwealth-State relations. This could achieve enhanced policy outcomes for the Australian community and provide a system of government that â€Å"delivers the Australian people the opportunities they deserve† (Brumby 2008). David Black (1998) describes federalism as ‘the process by which the Commonwealth of Australia was formed on 1 January 1901, was unusual then, and still is†. The federal system has provided a relatively stable cooperative form of government, however, changing demographics, global pressures and fiscal situations within government have meant that the system is now seen as being in a malaise and in need of repair (Wanna 2007). The modernisation and globalisation of markets, media and communication has eroded regional identities in Australia. In the past the Australian states were protected from a centralised form of federalism but as modern technology reduced the physical distance institutional barriers were decreased. These global pressures mean that Australian states risk becoming agent providers for a central government (Wanna 2007: page). Increased activity has resulted in hyper-interaction involving all three levels of government. Additionally, lack of cultural regions in Australia unlike most other federations meant lack of regionally based governance system (Wanna 2007: 276). Australia retains a highly centralised fiscal system, holds a high amount of concurrent powers across all levels of government and lacks institutional barriers that prevent a centralised system. Fiscal imbalance between states and the Commonwealth impacts directly at a regional level even though policies are driven nationally. Concurrent Commonwealth-State powers also impact at regional level due to lack of adequate attention given to real impacts while decisions are made at federal level. The reduced effectiveness of federalism has contributed towards these issues and has failed to keep pace with modern times. It is now in need of repair to make it more efficient and capable of providing support to the modern Australian public. Current federal arrangements are holding back necessary micro-economic reform while there is a continuous struggle to respond to global economic forces. (Podger 2008). Although federalism can work it is not performing at the level expected. Participants at the Roundtable agreed that the process of reform can improve federalism but needs a different policy approach. Individual agreements on shared responsibilities will be needed to reshape policy areas. Increased cooperation and collaboration around national and state issues would need to be achieved. Participants started by looking at improving the generic architecture by enhancing the primary cooperation of levels of government through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG). This could be the platform for any further detailed reform in order to avoid policy making failures around shared responsibility between governments. It is also important to note that the attendees agreed reform would need to start from the current position and not echoing any previous attempts. The Australian federal system is characterised by a significant level of vertical fiscal imbalance and this issue would need to be addressed to assist in reforming federalism. The Commonwealth holds the monopoly on tax revenue from income and GST and much of this is paid back to the states by way of Specific Purpose Payments (SPPs). These SPPs allow the Commonwealth to grant funds to states with conditions in areas that are constitutionally the states’ domain. As SPPs make up 40 % of Commonwealth grants the streamlining of these with a focus on outcomes would allow increased efficiency. In addition, guaranteed revenue would allow states to fund their responsibilities without central pressures. Whilst this imbalance could be reduced by assigning state expenditure responsibilities to the Commonwealth, it is an unrealistic expectation to reduce such a significant imbalance. (Carling, 2008: page/s) Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government is essential, as Carling (2008: page) states, â€Å"A federal system needs to be ?rmly anchored to a rational allocation of roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government† Lack of clearly defined roles can cause duplication of processes and conflict in policy making, giving states the opportunity to avoid accountability. A review of roles and responsibilities is a logical starting point, with the functional roles of Commonwealth and the state’ clearly defined. This may require that the Commonwealth takes a leadership role to ensure states are able to effectively deliver services. It is important to understand that the distribution of responsibilities between the levels Government has evolved aver time, and will presumably continue to change as policy and political imperatives require. (Podger 2008) Collaboration between governments to deliver long term sustainable national solutions is needed to face the significant social, economic and environmental challenges. Recently, all three levels of government have become receptive towards the idea of cooperative federalism. For effective federation architecture of cooperation consisting components such as principles to guide, supporting legal and institutional arrangements and appropriate cultural practices and attitudes are required. Focus could be on formalisation of COAG through intergovernmental agreement, clarification of COAG and ministerial council relation, ongoing review of federal financial relations and development of cultural practices to support the best of federalism. The change offers opportunities to make lasting improvements and Australian governments should seize the opportunity towards delivering effective national responses and generating substantial benefits for Australians. (Wanna, J. May 2009) Although the Australian federal system is perceived as declining and in need of reshaping, Australia is a prosperous nation. Federalism has seen Australia through times of significant stress including depression and war, and has led to the development of a welfare state. Rapid globalisation and modernisation demands that federalism adapt and adjust to meet competing demands. The options outlined in this essay provide the extending steps for already happening improvements by an ambitious government. How to cite Australian Federalism, Papers

Risk Management Quantitative Model of Business

Question: Describe about the Risk Management for Quantitative Model of Business. Answer: Topic1: Information Security Basics The paper highlights the basics of information security for finding its key characteristics and differentiating the information security management with the help of the general business management. Security funding and planning procedure helps in differentiating three different decision makers, which includes community of information security, community related with information technology and general business.[1] Security is achieved with the help of various strategies that is undertaken and used in combination with one another. The role of the management is to ensure that the strategy must be planned, directed, and controlled in the organization. The paper describes the various threats with proper example and description. The privacy of information is very much required within the organization for collecting and selling different types of information. It is analyzed in this paper that it is very much important to have an information system which can be easily recognized by different individual users. The main principles of information security management system includes policy, different types of planning and programs, it also includes different types of projects, people and protection.[2] The paper highlights that policy and programs are very much required in the organization for setting the organizational guidelines that helps in dictating certain specific behavior within the organization. The general policies include enterprise policy which is related with the information system, security related policy and system specific policies. It is analyzed that people and projects are the most important link in the InfoSec programs and the processes which are undertaken by the InfoSec includes project management. Topic2: Information Security Planning The paper highlights the fact that security is one of the outmost important for identifying different roles and principal components of information security for implementing various planning process for the organization. The roles are planned by involving various interrelated processes and groups of organization. [3]The main factors that affects the method of planning includes physical, political, technological and competitive environment. Strategic and input decisions are taken by the stakeholders of the organization for planning different processes. It is analyzed in this paper that value statement is one of the most important position that a management system of an organization must articulate. Strategic planning is one of the processes that guide different organizational efforts and thus it helps in focusing on different resources. The paper discusses various types of planning which mainly includes tactical planning and operational planning. [4]The tactical planning has more short term focus as compared to strategic planning. The component that includes tactical planning includes budgeting and resource allocation. Operational planning is used by the managers and employees of the organization in order to organize various day to day tasks. In the analysis phase of the research the team studies different types of documents for investigating various types of legal issues and it also in providing solutions. The paper discusses various types of threats which are presented with proper description and examples. The analysis of SecSDLC analyses various types of thefts, vulnerability and exploitation. The paper also describes implementation and design of SecSDLC that includes various roles which includes data owner, data users and many more. Topic3: Information Security Planning and Program The assignment highlights the information security planning and program. It is reflected in this paper that security policy is a written instruction for informing employees their behavior according to the use of information assets. [5]The security policy is mainly designed in order to provide structures that will be helpful in explaining the will of the organization. The paper explains the guidelines that are necessary for creating the IT and InfoSec policy. Bulls eye model is used for providing a mechanism for prioritization by emphasizing the different roles that are required for an information security planning. [6]The model of bulls eye contains four layers which include networks, systems, policies and application. The paper discusses the need of information system security in different enterprises. There are many challenges or issues that are related with specific security policy. The issue specific security policy helps in providing detailed ad targeted guidance in order to instruct every employee of the organization. The paper explains various access controls for accessing the storage and network communication devices of the organization. the configurationally rules helps in instructing odes that helps in guiding the execution of the system while information passes through it. There are many security based systems which require configuration scripts in order to dictate the functions that are required to be performed. References Anton, Nicolae and AniÈâ„ ¢or Nedelcu, "Security Information And Risk Management Assessment" (2015) 809-810AMM Bernardo, Danilo Valeros, "Security Risk Assessment: Toward A Comprehensive Practical Risk Management" (2012) 5IJICS Bojanc, Rok and Borka Jerman-BlaÃ…Â ¾iÄ , "A Quantitative Model For Information-Security Risk Management" (2013) 25Engineering Management Journal El Hadi, Mohamed M., "Assessing Information Security Risk Management In Organizations" (2014) 13Compunet ( The Egyptian Information Journal ) Michael, Katina, "Security Risk Management: Building An Information Security Risk Management Program From The Ground Up" (2012) 31Computers Security Webb, Jeb et al, "A Situation Awareness Model For Information Security Risk Management" (2014) 44Computers Security