L-Shaped Array for Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope

L-Shaped Array for Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope Conceptual A variety of eight recieving wires with various design, all the more exactly a L-molded cluster has been worked for the Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) venture. It comprises of recently structured Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA). The main phase of the undertaking was to test the current cluster of DPLPDA reception apparatuses in a parallelconfiguration the North South way and to present various upgrades. Likewise, comparision of information was finished with the Durban University of Technology (DUT) at Durban RSA where a comparative cluster was developed. Next, UV inclusion of various clusters were reenacted. From that point onward, the DPLPDA were constructed.After setting up the cluster, the recieving wire reaction of every radio wire was tried and the outcomes acquired was deciphered. The last test was to test the total cluster in the wake of consolidating all the recieving wires. Part 1 Presentation and Overview 1.1Introduction 1.1.1Radio Astronomy Radio cosmology is the investigation of heavenly items that emanate radio waves.In the 1930’s, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), working for the Bell Laboratories, was attempting to decide the birthplace of the wellspring of commotion meddling with radio voice transmissions. He fabricated a steerable recieving wire intended to get radio waves at a recurrence of 20.5 MHz. From the perceptions, he found that the time of the earth’s turn comparative with the radio source was 23 hours and 56 minutes rather than 24 hours. Consequently, he inferred that the source was follwing sidereal time. He additionally saw that the most grounded radiation was originating from the focal point of our Milky Way galaxy.Inspired by Jansky’s work, Grote Reber (1911-2002) fabricated an illustrative radio telescope of distance across 9m in his back yard, in 1937. After a few preliminaries, Reber effectively distinguished radio outflow from the Milky Way, in 1938, affirming Janskys disclosure. This prompted the disclosure of a scope of heavenly articles, for example, radio systems, quasars, and pulsars with radio emanation with different kinds of recieving wires. [1] 1.1.2.1 Radio Interferometry Radio interferometry are varieties of radio recieving wires that are utilized inastronomicalobservations at the same time to reproduce singletelescopesof very largeapertures and are utilized to make estimations of fine rakish detail in the radio emanation. Radio interferometry empower estimation of the situation of radio sources with exactness to permit distinguishing proof of different articles recognized in the electromagnetic range. Michelson and Pease made the revelation of the interferometric procedures in 1921. They had the option to acquire adequately fine precise goals to gauge the distances across of a portion of the closer stars, for example, Arcturus and Betelgeuse. [2] 1.1.2.2 Aperture Synthesis Opening Synthesis or Synthesis Imaging is a sort of interferometry that associates radio signs got from an assortment of telescopes or reception apparatuses to create pictures. These pictures have a similar rakish goals as that of the size of a solitary and an a lot bigger telescope or reception apparatus. Opening union was first found by Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 †14 October 1984) and colleagues from the Radio Astronomy Group at Cambridge University at radio frequencies. In 1974, Martin Ryle was the main cosmologist granted a Nobel Prize. [3] Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) additionally utilizes radio interferometric methods. TypicallyVLBIrefers to tests that don't procedure their information continuously, however record it for latercorrelation to deliver the subsequent picture. It accomplishes ultra-high precise goals and is a multi-disciplinary procedure. VLBIis utilized in estimating pulsar parallaxes andproper movement, settling the centers of radio cosmic systems and fets from supermassive dark gaps, among others. [14] A portion of the generally utilized radio interferometers are: the Very Large Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico,USA; It comprises of 27 radio recieving wires, every one of distance across 25 meters, along three arms of a Y-formed design spread more than three 21 kilometers tracks giving 351 baselines. [4] the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), worked by Jordrell Bank Observatory; It is a variety of 7 radio telescopes spread across Britain with detachment as much as 217 kilometers working at frequencies between 151 MHz and 24 GHz. [5] the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in Narrabri, NSW, Australia. The telescope is a variety of six indistinguishable 22 meters width dishes with five mobile dishes along a 3 kilometers railroad track and the 6th one is 3 kilometers west toward the finish of the fundamental track. The most extreme pattern length is 2.7 kilometers and the watching frequencies are from 300 MHz to 8 GHz.[6] the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Narayangaon,Pune, India. It comprises of 30 steerable allegorical dish every one of breadth 45 meters opertaing at six distinctive recurrence groups and where 14 dishes are orchestrated in a focal square and staying 6 of every a three arm Y-molded exhibit giving a standard of around 25 Kilometers . [7] A portion of the new radio interferometers are: Low Frequency Array (LoFAR) in north of Exloo, the Netherlands (center) and neighboring nations It is a staged cluster of radio telescopes of around 25,000 little recieving wires in at 48 bigger stations where 40 of these stations are conveyed over the north of Netherlands, five stations in Germany, and one each in Great Britain, France and Sweden and has a low requency run from 10-240 MHz. [8] Figure 1: The LoFAR Array Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in llano de Chajnantar Observatory, Atacama Desert,Chile It comprises of sixty six 12 meters and 7 meters distance across radio telescopes seeing at frequencies of 0.3 to 9.6 millimeters . [9] Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Murchison Radio Astronomy Observatory, Western Australia It comprises of 2048 double polarization dipole recieving wires, each a 44 cluster of dipoles and works at low radio frequencies, 80-300 MHz, with a handled data transmission of 30.72 MHz for both straight polarisations, and comprises of 128 opening exhibits (known as tiles) dispersed over roughly 3-kilometers distance across region. [10] Figure 2: MWA Antenna tiles KAT7 MeerKAT in Northern Cape, South Africa Figure 3: Aerial View of KAT7 KAT-7 comprise of 7 dishes of 12 meters in measurement each a Prime Focus Reflecting Telescopes having a base standard of 26 meters and most extreme pattern of 185 meters and have a recurrence scope of 1200 MHz †1950 MHz. KAT-7 is a designing model for the MeerKAT. KAT-7 is the world’s first radio telescope exhibit with fiberglass dishes. . MeerKAT, which is still under development and is scheduled for fruition in 2016 , will comprise of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters in distance across having a base standard of 29 meters and most extreme gauge of 20 kilometers and it will work at recurrence extending from 580MHz †1.75 GHz and 8 †15 Ghz.[11,12] e-MERLIN is an improved and updated exhibit of the old MERLIN array.The e-MERLIN instrument is a high goals radio interferometer associated by another optical fiber system to Jodrell Bank Observatory. This new framework offers ascend to a monstrous increment in affectability and observational capabilities.[13] Figure 4: e-MERLIN exhibit European VLBI Netwok (EVN) is an interferometric exhibit of radio telescopes spread across Europe which likewise remembers stations for far-East Asia , South Africa and Puerto Rico that conducts high goals radio galactic perceptions of radio sources. It is the most delicate VLBI cluster on the planet. It was shaped in 1980 and the overseeing body presently involves 14 institutes[15].TheEVNalso routinely joins different systems, for example, theVery Long Baseline Array (VLBA)and the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), to turn into a globalVLBIarray. The VLBA is spread all through Mauna Kea , Hawaii and St Croix. It ordinarily comprises of 10 VLA radio recieving wires and as result it has a most extreme gauge surpassing 8000 Km[16]. A portion of things to come African based new radio interferometers are: African VLBI Network (AVN) Multi-Frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) 1.1.3 MITRA (Multi-recurrence Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy) 1.1 The MITRA is a universal radio space science venture which intends to do extremly wide field of imaging with heterogenius non coplanar clusters. The abbreviation of MITRA implies â€Å"friend† in Sanskrit. It is a low recurrence exhibit telescope mutually began by Girish Kumar Beeharry from University of Mauritius (UOM) nd Stuart David Macpherson and Gary Peter Janse Van Vuuren from the Durban University of Technolagy (DUT) in South Africa. The task is by and large at the same time executed at the Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT), situated at Bras D’Eau Mauritius, site and at the DUT grounds site. The ventures will at that point be extended to the distinctive SKA Africa accomplice nations and in the long run to other African nations. Information from every nation will be consolidated to shape a universal gap union telescope utilizing the methods of Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). It is a delicate high goals multifrequency double extremity instrument in the scope of 200 to 800 MHz. The instrument picked for this reason for existing are Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA)[17]. 1.1.4 African Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) The African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) is a variety of radio telescopes all through Africa. It is wanted to frame some portion of the current worldwide VLBI systems . It will be related with the European VLBI Network (EVN ). The latteris a consortium of significant radio space science establishments in Europe and China (Schilizzi). It has part and related radio telescopes in Europe, China, South Africa (Hartebeesthoek0, Japan(Kashima) and Puerto Rico (Arecibo). The EVN is

The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner Free Essays

string(108) complex relationship with Baba, and as much as Amir cherishes Baba, he seldom feels Baba completely adores him back. â€Å"A kid who won’t support himself turns into a man who can’t face anything. † Baba says these words to Rahim Khan while he is discussing Amir toward the finish of Chapter 3, and the citation uncovers significant qualities in both Amir and Baba. With these words, Baba summarizes one of Amir’s significant character flawsâ€his cowardiceâ€and Baba shows how much worth he puts in going to bat for what is correct. We will compose a custom paper test on The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Baba is hesitant to laud Amir, to a great extent since he feels Amir does not have the mental fortitude to try and go to bat for himself, leaving Amir continually longing for Baba’s endorsement. Amir’s want for this endorsement just as his weakness later reason him to let Assef assault Hassan. The citation additionally hints the significant trial of Amir’s character that happens when he should conclude whether to come back to Kabul to spare Sohrab. As Amir scans for recovery, the inquiry he battles with is decisively what concerned Baba: does he have the mental fortitude and solidarity to go to bat for what is correct? â€Å"I really sought to weakness, in light of the fact that the other option, the genuine explanation I was running, was that Assef was correct: Nothing was free in this world. Possibly Hassan was the value I needed to pay, the sheep I needed to kill, to win Baba. † When Amir says this, at the finish of Chapter 7, he has quite recently watched Assef assault Hassan,and as opposed to intercede, he fled. Amir says he tried to weakness on the grounds that, in his estimation, what he did was more terrible than weakness. On the off chance that dread of being harmed by Assef were the principle reason he ran, Amir proposes that in any event would have been increasingly legitimized. Rather, he permitted the assault to happen on the grounds that he needed the blue kite, which he thought would demonstrate to Baba that he was a victor like him, winning him Baba’s love and endorsement. The cost of the kite, as Amir says, was Hassan, and this is the reason Amir calls Hassan the sheep he needed to kill. He draws a correlation among Hassan and the sheep relinquished during the Muslim occasion of Eid Al-Adha to celebrate Abraham’s close to forfeit of his child to God. In this specific circumstance, Hassan was the penance Amir needed to make to get the kite and at last to pick up Baba’s fondness. â€Å"That was quite a while prior, however it’s wrong what they state about the past, I’ve educated, about how you can cover it. Since the past paws out. Thinking back now, I understand I have been looking into that abandoned rear entryway for he last twenty-six years. † At the beginning of Chapter 1, similarly as the book starts, Amir composes these words. With them, he indicates the focal show of the story and the explanation he is telling it. To the peruser, the citation capacities as a secret. It arouses the reader’s curiosity with out uncovering precisely what Amir is discussing, and from the timespan Amir makes reference to, twenty-six years, the peruser gets a thought of exactly how significant this second was. As the story unfurls, we understand that the abandoned back street Amir alludes to is the place Hassan was assaulted, and that this occasion has to a great extent characterized the course of Amir’s life since. This is the thing that Amir implies when he says that the past keeps on tearing out. Attempt as he would to cover it, he couldn't on the grounds that his sentiments of blame continued emerging. Therefore, he metaphorically keeps looking into the back street where Assef assaulted Hassan, truly implying that he props up over the occasion in his psyche. â€Å"There is an approach to be acceptable once more. † (pg. 2) Rahim Khan said this to Amir to urge him to help Hassan’s child get away from Afghanistan. †And he got the chance to choose what was dark and what was white. You can’t love an individual who experience that path without dreading him as well. Possibly loathing him a bit. † (pg 15) This is Amir’s evaluation of his dad. It was a look I had seen previously. It was the vibe of the sheep. † (pg. 76) Here Amir depicts the look on Hassan’s face as Assef and two others assault him. The look helps Amir to remember a sacrifical sheep. I begrudged her. Her mystery was out. Spoken. Managed. † (pg 165) Amir offers this remark to the peruser after Soraya reveals to him the entire story of how she fled with a man and disgraced her family. He wishes he could determine what privileged insights he hefts around, as well. Baba had wrestled bears as long as he can remember . . At long last, a bear had come that he couldn’t best. Be that as it may, and still, at the end of the day, he had lost on his own terms. † (pg 174) Baba has passed on and Amir summarizes his existence with these words. The Search For Redemption Amir’s journey to vindicate himself makes up the core of the novel. At an ea rly stage, Amir endeavors to make up for himself in Baba’s eyes, principally in light of the fact that his mom passed on bringing forth him, and he feels dependable. To make up for himself to Baba, Amir figures he should win the kite-competition and present to Baba the losing kite, the two of which are impelling occurrences that set the remainder of the novel moving. The more significant piece of Amir’s scan for recovery, be that as it may, comes from his blame with respect to Hassan. That blame drives the climactic occasions of the story, including Amir’s excursion to Kabul to discover Sohrab and his encounter with Assef. The ethical standard Amir must meet to acquire his reclamation is set from the get-go in the book, when Baba says that a kid who doesn’t defend himself turns into a man who can’t face anything. As a kid, Amir neglects to go to bat for himself. As a grown-up, he can just make up for himself by demonstrating he has the mental fortitude to go to bat for what is correct. The Love and Tension Between Fathers and Sons Amir has an exceptionally perplexing connection with Baba, and as much as Amir cherishes Baba, he seldom feels Baba completely adores him back. You read The Betrayal and Loyalty in Macbeth and Kite Runner in class Exposition models Amir’s want to win Baba’s love therefore inspires him not to stop Hassan’s assault. Baba has his own trouble interfacing with Amir. He feels remorseful treating Amir well when he can’t recognize Hassan as his child. Therefore, he is no picnic for Amir, and he can just show his affection for Hassan by implication, by bringing Hassan along when he takes Amir out, for example, or paying for Hassan’s lip medical procedure. Conversely with this, the most cherishing connection among father and child we see is that of Hassan and Sohrab. Hassan, be that as it may, is slaughtered, and close to the finish of the novel we watch Amir attempting to turn into a substitute dad to Sohrab. Their relationship encounters its own strains as Sohrab, who is recouping from the loss of his folks and the maltreatment he endured, experiences difficulty opening up to Amir. At the point when we got to Kabul, I [Rahim Khan] found that Hassan had no goal of moving into the house. â€Å"But every one of these rooms are unfilled, Hassan jan. Nobody will live in them,† I said. However, he would not. He said it involved ihtiram, a matter of regard. He and Farzana moved their things into the hovel in the patio, where he was conceived. I argued for them to move into one of the visitor rooms upstairs, however Hassan would hear nothing of it. â€Å"What will Amir agha think? † he said to me. â€Å"What will he think when he returns to Kabul after the war and finds that I have expected his place in the house? † Then, in grieving for your dad, Hassan donned dark for the following forty days. (16. 24-25) You might be befuddled by the voice here. It’s really not Amir †Rahim Khan gets one section in the book. Rahim Khan relates his excursion to Hazarajat to discover Hassan and take him back to the house in Kabul. When Hassan moves back to the house with Rahim Khan, he will not live where Baba and Amir lived. Does Hassan’s refusal recommend that Hassan is just Amir’s hireling and the two never accomplished an equivalent companionship? (Side inquiry: Does Hassan sense †on some oblivious level †Baba’s genuine relationship to him? Is that why he grieves Baba for forty days? ) I felt like a man sliding down a precarious bluff, grasping at bushes and tangles of thorns and coming up with hardly a penny. The room was plunging all over, influencing side to side. Did Hassan know? † I said through lips that didn’t feel like my own. Rahim Khan shut his eyes. Shook his head. [†¦ ] â€Å"Please think, Amir Jan. It was a dishonorable circumstance. Individuals would talk. All that a man had in those days, all that he was, was his respect, his name, and if individuals talked†¦ We couldn’t tell anybody, without a doubt you can see that. † He went after me, yet I shed his hand. Set out toward the entryway. [†¦ ] I opened the entryway and went to him. â€Å"Why? What can you say to me? I’m thirty-eight years of age and I’ve simply discovered as long as I can remember is one major screwing lie! What can you say to improve things? Nothing. Not a goddamn thing! † (17. 57-63) Rahim Khan educates Amir concerning Baba’s selling out of him, Hassan, and Ali. Here’s the story: Baba laid down with Sanaubar, Ali’s spouse, and fathered Hassan. Be that as it may, Baba never informed Amir or Hassan regarding it. We wonder if Rahim Khan’s disclosure makes life simpler or harder for Amir. From one viewpoint, Amir sees, just because, the similitudes among himself and his dad. Presently he knows he wasn’t the just one strolling around with a huge amount of blocks (a. k. a. mystery blame). Be that as it may, does this truly support Amir? Is it ameliorating at all to realize his dad committed comparative errors? Amir’s selling out of Hassan carries him closer to Baba in manners he couldn’t have anticipated. Despite the fact that the two don’t share similar privileged insights, they do share the mystery of blame. â€Å"You know,† Rahim Khan stated,

The Fading Pulp Magazine Subculture

The Fading Pulp Magazine Subculture My sixth-grade teacher, Mrs. Saunders, read us A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle the year it was first published. I didn’t know it then, but that story set me on a path towards pulp magazines. It was 1962, I was eleven. L’Engle’s story infected me with the science fiction bug by passing on memes that first emerged in Amazing Stories and Astounding Science Fiction in the 1920s and 1930s. As a sixth-grader, I did not know about genres, but I’d walk up and down the shelves at Air Base Elementary or the base library at Homestead Air Force Base looking for books about space travel. By the eighth grade, I was a dedicated bookworm. I could now distinguish genres by cover art or the blurbs on dust jackets, but I was yet to know how genres emerged from the pulp magazine era. Fiction hasn’t always been pigeonholed into convenient categories allowing bookworms to binge-read their favorite kinds of stories. About a year later I stumbled onto two old books in the dusty stacks of the Miami Public Library, worn down and rebound, that were early hardbacks of science fiction. One was Adventures in Time and Space (1946) edited by Raymond J. Healy and J. Francis McComas and the other was A Treasury of Science Fiction (1948) edited by Groff Conklin. These two pioneering works collected the best science fiction short stories from the pulp magazines of the 1930s and 1940s. I was getting very close to the source of the river we call science fiction. Then I found science fiction historian Sam Moskowitz  and his books,  Explorers of the Infinite (1963) and Seekers of Tomorrow (1965), that gave the history of both science fiction and pulp magazines, roughly 1900â€"1950. By this time, I was in ninth grade, making my own money with a paper route and mowing lawns and starting to buy books. I found a used bookstore that sold old digest size magazines that were the descendants of pulp magazines, including  Galaxy, If, Analog, Amazing, Fantastic, and FSF. Only two of them still publish today. Before Star Trek premiered in September  1966 I knew no one else who read science fiction. These magazines proved there were others like me, but where were they? At the time I thought I had discovered a secret subculture. In the science fiction digests, I’d read essays by science fiction writers about when they were growing up reading the pulps and how they had to hide their copy of Astounding Science Fiction in respectable books because reading pulp fiction was considered very low class and reading science fiction meant you believed in that crazy Buck Rogers stuff. In 1967 I finally found a friend who read science fiction, and weve been arguing ever since because we didn’t agree which stories and authors were best. I still didn’t know about the real pulp magazine then, but when I moved to Memphis in the early 1970s I saw a letter to the editor in Amazing Stories from a guy who lived in town. I found his name in the phone book and called him up. He told me about the local science fiction club. That’s where I met two older men who had large collections of pulp magazines. They were Darrell Richardson and Claude Saxon. The first club meeting I attended was at Richardson’s house, and he gave us a tour of his extensive collection. I learned later he had one of the largest collection of pulps in Americaâ€"and he was a Baptist preacher. I became friends with Saxon, who had a large, but not famous, collection. Claude inspired me to start buying old pulps and to get into silent movies. Thats the thing about the pulp fans, they also loved all kinds of old pop culture. It was the early 1970s and I found fandom, fanzines, and conventions. I remember going to my first convention in Kansas City and thinking I had finally found my people. There were many buyers and sellers of pulps at the con. This is how I learn about older generations growing up reading the pulp magazines. Claude was a generation older than most of us in the science fiction club. His favorite pulp magazines were from the 1900s through the 1920s like All-Story, Argosy, Adventure, Blue Book, before the pulps broke into genre magazines. We owe or can blame the pulp magazine publishers for dividing fiction into marketing categories. Pulp magazines were television before television, providing Americans with fictional escapism. Short stories were like half-hour TV shows, novelettes were like hour shows, and novellas and serialized novels were like mini-series. Before television became popular in the 1950s, pulp magazine were the main source of popular fiction. The pulps offered way more genres than television ever did. In the 1950s the book, television, and movie industries consolidated the genres into westerns, mysteries, thrillers, fantasy, science fiction, horror, romance, and a few others; before that, fans could subscribe to dedicate magazines devoted to single topic stories like airplane combat or spicy ranch romances. If I had born earlier, I might not have spent a lifetime of reading mostly science fiction. Claude read all kinds of pulp magazines. He loved detective pulps, western pulps, railroad pulps, aviation pulps, and so on. Claude seemed much older than his actual years, living in the past that existed before he was born. He was a big guy and reminded me of Sidney Greenstreet. He read more books than any other person than I’ve ever met, then and since. He handed down a love of pulp magazines to countless folks. Then in 1977, I had to grow up. I stopped going to the science fiction club, quit going to conventions, and sold my science fiction books and pulp magazine collection. I got married and started a job I stuck with for 36 years. Now that I’m retired I’ve returned to reading pulps. I’ve bought a few pulps again  but decided they are too old, too expensive, and too fragile to collect any more. But I have discovered a subculture on the internet that shares digital scans of the old pulp magazines. If youre curious, try these sites: The Pulp Magazine Archive Pulp Magazine Project The Luminist League Over the years, beautiful coffee table books about the pulps appear, but quickly go out-of-print. The Art of the Pulps: An Illustrated History is the most recent history. Even back in the early 1970s, the pulp magazine subculture was dying. Television killed off pulp magazines in the 1950s, though a handful of digest-sized magazines continue to publish. At one time, hundreds of pulp titles filled the newsstands. Half-a-century later, a tiny subculture collects, cherishes, and preserves them. They still hold pulp magazine conventions, but the fans are old, and the cons are smaller. Old pulp fans lament they can’t get their kids and grandkids interested. They worry about what will happen to their collections. Once again, the internet is changing things. Some old pulp fans are scanning their pulps and putting them online. It’s not legal, but no one cares. No one cares because so damn few people read the pulp magazines anymore, even when they are free. Yet, these pulp scanners are doing a kind of volunteer librarian work, creating special collections for researchers and possibly future readers. At first, pulp scanners quickly scanned issues and uploaded them. Then a few scanners started taking more pride in their work. They bought better scanners, they learned Photoshop, they started removing stains, rust marks, fixing smudges, tears, staple holes, creases, and even whiting the acid browned paper. I recently saw a scan of an old 1927 Saturday Evening Post that looked pristine with bright new pages. Pulp magazines were printed on cheap wood pulp paper that’s not archival or acid-free. Their pages turn darker brown every year, becoming brittle. If you try to bend a corner to bookmark a page, the corner will snap off. It’s almost impossible to safely read a pulp magazine today without harming it. The pulp scanners use CBR/CBZ comic book file formats or the universal PDF formats that will preserve pulps as long as we keep our digital civilization going. Pulp scanning is a labor of love. Mostly old bookworms are preserving the pop culture of their youth. Will lovers of todays fan fiction work as hard to preserve their pop culture when they get to their social security years? Will fans of Harry Potter and Hermione Granger preserve all the extensive pop culture artifacts they generate when they reach Dumbledores age? Now that I’m retired I’ve returned to reading old pulp magazines. I am among the few of the baby boomer generation that still loves the pulps. I got that love from an older generation. I’d like to see younger generations take up that love, but I doubt it will happen. I remember being in my twenties and meeting very old men, and they were always men, who remembered and collected dime novels. In the 1960s, Sam Moskowitz wrote about the dying generation of dime novel collectors, like Im writing about the dying pulp fans now. Most people embrace the pop culture of their formative years. A small percentage of every generation try to keep up with succeeding waves of newer pop culture. And a small percentage of us work backward in time embracing older generations of pop culture. I was born in 1951 and I have moved both forward and backward  in time. I’ve stretched my pop culture embrace from the 1920s through the 1980s, and know a bit of the pop culture three decades on either end of that range. The pulp magazine subculture is fading away. Its fans are dying, and I tend to feel genre distinctions are beginning to fade too. Writers now must top each other by writing multi-genre novels. Maybe it’s time to stop segregating fiction by theme. But then, if bookworms keep reading by genre theyre at least carrying on a tradition that started with the pulp magazines. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Racism- An Aid to American Society - 2184 Words

Racism – An Aid to American Society? â€Å"Racism is actions, practices or beliefs, or social or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities.† (Newman, 2012) Racism has promulgated after the slavery in America, and these practices are still evident in our generations today. Oftentimes, when the word â€Å"racism† is heard by many, negative characteristics on these actions will be dominant. Many perceive racism as disrespect to one’s rich culture and heritage, thus causing a lot of hatred. Despite my strong objection on the act of racism, I believe that racism played a major role in the development and rise to†¦show more content†¦Racism is what justified America’s thirst for expansion through the Manifest Destiny which gave an ideological dimension to its actions. It is important to see, at this point, that America is a country which gives a huge imp ortance to its national beliefs which include liberalism, self-determinism and democracy. Tierney (2011) says that it is ingrained so much so that there is a liberal hegemony in the way Americans think, making its existence natural to America and its inhabitants. The liberty of Americans justifies the Manifest Destiny’s expansionist ideas by its dimension of free development for Americans. Race, here, became one of the determinants of who were to pay the price of that development and who were to profit. While countries such as Russia and China imposed their ideologies on their countries which already had their nationalist ideologies, America was born under its own, making the connection between its core beliefs and Manifest Destiny an effective engine to justify the latter. When the original version of the Manifest Destiny was accomplished in 1890, â€Å"free development† was found to be possible through two more activities, nation-building in the Americas and Imperial ism (â€Å"Manifest Destiny†, n.d.). Nation-building took form in slavery in tobacco farms, developing from an economic venture to a cultural endeavor (p.109, Fields, 1990). Slavery also led to the empowerment of the other citizens, with both formingShow MoreRelatedBlack Sexual Politics1702 Words   |  7 Pagesof the many races is a continuous goal in the war on racism in America. Once accepted, many racial identities go under huge scrutiny by the media, society, and their other racial counterparts, etc. Black Sexual Politics by Patricia Hill Collins is a critical analysis of blacks in America and blacks as a race. 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The film begins with Wise’s personal story on how he learned the importance of race at a young age after attending preschool at Tennessee State University, a historically African American college. Being one of the only Caucasian students and being taught by predominantly African American administrators, allowed Wise to gain respect for African American authority figures which ultimately made a huge difference inRead MoreMedia s Influen ce On American Culture1256 Words   |  6 PagesWith the right instruments, media has had a very sizable impact on American society and culture. Media has grown immensely popular and has remarkably gained influence that it’s altered the way we judge each other. American culture has exposed young children to many varieties of media; they watch TV more than once a day, some have smartphones to search the web, a few are even on Facebook; media’s become a vast component of American culture. Unfortunately, media exposes youngsters to exaggerated stereotypesRead MoreBooker T Washington Vs Dubois Analysis930 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both strived for change in ending racism each in their own way. There are some people that believed the peaceful way that Washington went about achieving change to end racism was the best way, and there are others that believed that DuBois’ idea to agitate to achieve the end of racism was a bet ter plan. Washington was very non-confrontational in his stance of how African-American people should ultimately achieve this goal. DuBois tried to achieve the goalRead MoreSegregation Within The Housing Market843 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people talk about racism throughout modern society, a question that emerges is â€Å"How does modern racism influence residency and neighborhoods in economic and political viewpoints?† Some argue that segregation within the housing market has been a devastating, long-term, issue for African Americans as a result of racial zoning due to income along with race, while others believe that the United States has indeed enforced policies to prevent blacks from obtaining and maintaining wealth to merge withRead MoreTennis Is On The Right Track By Giving Equal Prize Money1505 Words   |  7 Pagespretend it doesn’t exist they deny that after all these years’ racism isn’t happening but it is still happening and very much aliv e. Tennis prides itself on being innovators. People think tennis is on the right track by giving equal prize money to both male and females and giving both genders equal opportunity in television and media coverage but the fact remains that tennis wouldn’t fully be there until they take that one step and drop the racism. This may seem like an impossible task but with lots ofRead MoreThe Beliefs Of Misconceptions And Gender, Race, And Sexuality1472 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches the beliefs of misconceptions already existent towards multi social groups’ underlying different issues mostly affecting African Americans. These issues highlighted by Collins include, â€Å"a set of ideas and social practices shaped by gender, race, and sexuality that frame Black men and women’s treatment of one another, as well as how African Americans are perceived and treated by others† (p.7). These ideas encapsulate a false understanding of the issues surrounding the persecu tions the black

Beautiful Music of the Middle Ages - 543 Words

Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations of the soul, it is one of the most magnificent and delightful presents God has given us -Martin Luther. Music was a part of life then and it is a part of life today. Without music, life itself would be a mistake. Seeing the changes over the years is a great way to follow the patterns and differences this way of communicating has shown us. Some of the more popular music was the Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet and Madrigal. In the early Middle Ages around 590 ACE the Gregorian Chant was popularized by Pope Gregory the Fourth. The Gregorian Chant was a form of monophonic tune of the Roman Catholic Church (Music Through the Ages). Monophonic is a musical style employing a single melodic line without accompaniment. This style was oral by tradition and only served as a memory aid for a singer who already knew the melody (http://en.wikipedia.org). Memorizing is a difficult task, it is even harder to memorize music that was taught to them orally. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using neumes, an early form of musical notation (http://www.britannica.com). These neumes later formed the modern four and five line staff development. Being a monophonic tune the Gregorian Chant was losing interest and a new style was born. In the Musica Enchiriadis â€Å"musical handbook†, Organum consisted of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note. Organum changed the way of music for the medieval people;Show MoreRelatedClassical Music Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is such an amazing and wonderful thing. There are so many different possibilities when it comes to music. One of the fascinating things about music is that there is always room for improvement. Composers are making better and better music everyday. Music is always changing and composers are creating new never before heard pieces constantly. There is such a wide range of music that it is almost impossible for someone to not like at least one kind of music. The combination of keys and instrumentsRead MoreMiddle Ages And Renaissance Era1081 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Ages and Renaissance Era The Middle Ages were not known for their choice in government, ways of living, or their views on the Church. Rather, they were known for making the best of what was given to the, which was music. During the early Middle Ages, peasants stayed bound to the land they were given, but had to depend on landlords for protection. Also, many social bonds were ties of kinship, which lead to the emergence of feudalism among the warrior aristocracy (The Middle Ages: Feudal LifeRead MoreEssay Immorality in Chaucers Canterbury Tales1646 Words   |  7 PagesImmorality and moral ambiguity are two concepts that will ruin any relationship. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, he specifically illustrates through his pilgrims’ stories some comical and realistic events that display immorality in the Middle Ages. There are several characters whose stories are focused on presenting the immorality within their tales. Like that of â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† and â€Å"Th e Merchant’s Tale.† Chaucer utilizes these tales to display one specific immoral act, which is sexualRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Renaissance1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof overall enlightening for the human race. Religious reformation occurred within the Roman Catholic Church through Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. The Renaissance was also defining for music. It was within this time period that musical notation was invented along with word painting and polyphony. The Renaissance was the age in which humans finally began to express and explore themselves fully and embody the arts. The title of the Renaissance is meant to reflect the rebirth of human creativity and thoughtRead MoreThe Medieval Er The Great Height Of Glorious Accomplishment And Advancement1231 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s day and age, a common view of the Medieval Era is that it was a dark period, full of non-civility and ignorance. It is a generally accepted approach to consider only the bad aspects of the time, and one either ignores or has no knowledge of the many accomplishments that occurred during this period. Although it is true that there were bad aspects about the Medieval Era, no time is without its faults, and this period in particular rose to a great height of glorious accomplishment and advancementRead MoreClassical Music And The Music868 Words   |  4 Pagesthe duty of the artist. Classical music is composed with such emotion it can leave an audience stricken with feelings after hearing a movement. The key is the emotion behind the music. It leaves listeners to wond er what was going on during that time in a composer’s life. Whether it was joyful and happy or depressing and dark, the audience wants to know the motive behind the composition of music. Classical radio stations are the perfect place to enjoy the music that started it all Classical radioRead MoreEssay on Music in The Middle Ages1340 Words   |  6 Pagesinto our history, it is very hard to graze over the fact that music has reigned as one of the most influential components of artistic expression in our time. It has been a part of numerous peoples lives across the globe since the beginning of time. Music has been able to not only define the people that craft it, but encompass and define a whole time period and culture in its own, leaving a very bold mark upon history. Two pieces of music that have played integral roles during their time are â€Å"In Paradisum†Read MoreLeonardo s Madonna Of The Rocks1298 Words   |  6 Pagesmany Renaissance artists became celebrities in their lifetimes. Artists benefited from the patronage of rich merchants and rulers, and were well known during their own times, unlike the anonymous artists who had produced works in guilds during the middle ages. Great fame and influence was conferred upon the great artists of the day, and they were celebrated wherever they traveled. This fame convinced many artists that they deserved special privileges and consideration, which they were often granted.Read MoreMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith The Middle Ages is often referred to as the Age of Faith and it is correct to do so, as during this period religion dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art and music. The dominant religion during this period was Christianity. The middle ages saw the emergence #8230; of Christian literary forms#8230; a popular religious culture centred around processions, icons, and relics (George Holmes 42). The crusades were wars fought in theRead MoreA Fan Of Classical Music Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesAs a fan of classical music, I decided to attend the Mutter Bronfman Harrell Trio. Which consists of Anne-Sophie Mutter on Violin, Yefim Bronfman on Piano, and Lynn Harrell on Cello. Their powerful bond within the music, grasped my attention. I have heard many single instruments, but never the violin, piano, and cello all in one. It was defiantly a new and exciting experience, which I would like to be part of again. The group name is The Mutter Bronfman Harrell Trio, which like I mention before consists

Australian Federalism Free Essays

This essay will outline the issues discussed during the ‘Policy Roundtable on Federalism’ hosted by the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) and the Institute of Public Administration Australia (IPAA) on the 17–18 May 2007 and will explore their impact on federalism and provide possible steps to overcome them. The Roundtable discussion made it apparent that Australian federalism is dysfunctional and needed shaping up. The reasons included a combination of external and internal factors and pressures. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Federalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pragmatic reform process could address these factors and pressures to improve Commonwealth-State relations. This could achieve enhanced policy outcomes for the Australian community and provide a system of government that â€Å"delivers the Australian people the opportunities they deserve† (Brumby 2008). David Black (1998) describes federalism as ‘the process by which the Commonwealth of Australia was formed on 1 January 1901, was unusual then, and still is†. The federal system has provided a relatively stable cooperative form of government, however, changing demographics, global pressures and fiscal situations within government have meant that the system is now seen as being in a malaise and in need of repair (Wanna 2007). The modernisation and globalisation of markets, media and communication has eroded regional identities in Australia. In the past the Australian states were protected from a centralised form of federalism but as modern technology reduced the physical distance institutional barriers were decreased. These global pressures mean that Australian states risk becoming agent providers for a central government (Wanna 2007: page). Increased activity has resulted in hyper-interaction involving all three levels of government. Additionally, lack of cultural regions in Australia unlike most other federations meant lack of regionally based governance system (Wanna 2007: 276). Australia retains a highly centralised fiscal system, holds a high amount of concurrent powers across all levels of government and lacks institutional barriers that prevent a centralised system. Fiscal imbalance between states and the Commonwealth impacts directly at a regional level even though policies are driven nationally. Concurrent Commonwealth-State powers also impact at regional level due to lack of adequate attention given to real impacts while decisions are made at federal level. The reduced effectiveness of federalism has contributed towards these issues and has failed to keep pace with modern times. It is now in need of repair to make it more efficient and capable of providing support to the modern Australian public. Current federal arrangements are holding back necessary micro-economic reform while there is a continuous struggle to respond to global economic forces. (Podger 2008). Although federalism can work it is not performing at the level expected. Participants at the Roundtable agreed that the process of reform can improve federalism but needs a different policy approach. Individual agreements on shared responsibilities will be needed to reshape policy areas. Increased cooperation and collaboration around national and state issues would need to be achieved. Participants started by looking at improving the generic architecture by enhancing the primary cooperation of levels of government through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG). This could be the platform for any further detailed reform in order to avoid policy making failures around shared responsibility between governments. It is also important to note that the attendees agreed reform would need to start from the current position and not echoing any previous attempts. The Australian federal system is characterised by a significant level of vertical fiscal imbalance and this issue would need to be addressed to assist in reforming federalism. The Commonwealth holds the monopoly on tax revenue from income and GST and much of this is paid back to the states by way of Specific Purpose Payments (SPPs). These SPPs allow the Commonwealth to grant funds to states with conditions in areas that are constitutionally the states’ domain. As SPPs make up 40 % of Commonwealth grants the streamlining of these with a focus on outcomes would allow increased efficiency. In addition, guaranteed revenue would allow states to fund their responsibilities without central pressures. Whilst this imbalance could be reduced by assigning state expenditure responsibilities to the Commonwealth, it is an unrealistic expectation to reduce such a significant imbalance. (Carling, 2008: page/s) Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government is essential, as Carling (2008: page) states, â€Å"A federal system needs to be ?rmly anchored to a rational allocation of roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government† Lack of clearly defined roles can cause duplication of processes and conflict in policy making, giving states the opportunity to avoid accountability. A review of roles and responsibilities is a logical starting point, with the functional roles of Commonwealth and the state’ clearly defined. This may require that the Commonwealth takes a leadership role to ensure states are able to effectively deliver services. It is important to understand that the distribution of responsibilities between the levels Government has evolved aver time, and will presumably continue to change as policy and political imperatives require. (Podger 2008) Collaboration between governments to deliver long term sustainable national solutions is needed to face the significant social, economic and environmental challenges. Recently, all three levels of government have become receptive towards the idea of cooperative federalism. For effective federation architecture of cooperation consisting components such as principles to guide, supporting legal and institutional arrangements and appropriate cultural practices and attitudes are required. Focus could be on formalisation of COAG through intergovernmental agreement, clarification of COAG and ministerial council relation, ongoing review of federal financial relations and development of cultural practices to support the best of federalism. The change offers opportunities to make lasting improvements and Australian governments should seize the opportunity towards delivering effective national responses and generating substantial benefits for Australians. (Wanna, J. May 2009) Although the Australian federal system is perceived as declining and in need of reshaping, Australia is a prosperous nation. Federalism has seen Australia through times of significant stress including depression and war, and has led to the development of a welfare state. Rapid globalisation and modernisation demands that federalism adapt and adjust to meet competing demands. The options outlined in this essay provide the extending steps for already happening improvements by an ambitious government. How to cite Australian Federalism, Papers

Risk Management Quantitative Model of Business

Question: Describe about the Risk Management for Quantitative Model of Business. Answer: Topic1: Information Security Basics The paper highlights the basics of information security for finding its key characteristics and differentiating the information security management with the help of the general business management. Security funding and planning procedure helps in differentiating three different decision makers, which includes community of information security, community related with information technology and general business.[1] Security is achieved with the help of various strategies that is undertaken and used in combination with one another. The role of the management is to ensure that the strategy must be planned, directed, and controlled in the organization. The paper describes the various threats with proper example and description. The privacy of information is very much required within the organization for collecting and selling different types of information. It is analyzed in this paper that it is very much important to have an information system which can be easily recognized by different individual users. The main principles of information security management system includes policy, different types of planning and programs, it also includes different types of projects, people and protection.[2] The paper highlights that policy and programs are very much required in the organization for setting the organizational guidelines that helps in dictating certain specific behavior within the organization. The general policies include enterprise policy which is related with the information system, security related policy and system specific policies. It is analyzed that people and projects are the most important link in the InfoSec programs and the processes which are undertaken by the InfoSec includes project management. Topic2: Information Security Planning The paper highlights the fact that security is one of the outmost important for identifying different roles and principal components of information security for implementing various planning process for the organization. The roles are planned by involving various interrelated processes and groups of organization. [3]The main factors that affects the method of planning includes physical, political, technological and competitive environment. Strategic and input decisions are taken by the stakeholders of the organization for planning different processes. It is analyzed in this paper that value statement is one of the most important position that a management system of an organization must articulate. Strategic planning is one of the processes that guide different organizational efforts and thus it helps in focusing on different resources. The paper discusses various types of planning which mainly includes tactical planning and operational planning. [4]The tactical planning has more short term focus as compared to strategic planning. The component that includes tactical planning includes budgeting and resource allocation. Operational planning is used by the managers and employees of the organization in order to organize various day to day tasks. In the analysis phase of the research the team studies different types of documents for investigating various types of legal issues and it also in providing solutions. The paper discusses various types of threats which are presented with proper description and examples. The analysis of SecSDLC analyses various types of thefts, vulnerability and exploitation. The paper also describes implementation and design of SecSDLC that includes various roles which includes data owner, data users and many more. Topic3: Information Security Planning and Program The assignment highlights the information security planning and program. It is reflected in this paper that security policy is a written instruction for informing employees their behavior according to the use of information assets. [5]The security policy is mainly designed in order to provide structures that will be helpful in explaining the will of the organization. The paper explains the guidelines that are necessary for creating the IT and InfoSec policy. Bulls eye model is used for providing a mechanism for prioritization by emphasizing the different roles that are required for an information security planning. [6]The model of bulls eye contains four layers which include networks, systems, policies and application. The paper discusses the need of information system security in different enterprises. There are many challenges or issues that are related with specific security policy. The issue specific security policy helps in providing detailed ad targeted guidance in order to instruct every employee of the organization. The paper explains various access controls for accessing the storage and network communication devices of the organization. the configurationally rules helps in instructing odes that helps in guiding the execution of the system while information passes through it. There are many security based systems which require configuration scripts in order to dictate the functions that are required to be performed. References Anton, Nicolae and AniÈâ„ ¢or Nedelcu, "Security Information And Risk Management Assessment" (2015) 809-810AMM Bernardo, Danilo Valeros, "Security Risk Assessment: Toward A Comprehensive Practical Risk Management" (2012) 5IJICS Bojanc, Rok and Borka Jerman-BlaÃ…Â ¾iÄ , "A Quantitative Model For Information-Security Risk Management" (2013) 25Engineering Management Journal El Hadi, Mohamed M., "Assessing Information Security Risk Management In Organizations" (2014) 13Compunet ( The Egyptian Information Journal ) Michael, Katina, "Security Risk Management: Building An Information Security Risk Management Program From The Ground Up" (2012) 31Computers Security Webb, Jeb et al, "A Situation Awareness Model For Information Security Risk Management" (2014) 44Computers Security

Effects of Industrialization on the Environment Essay Example

Effects of Industrialization on the Environment Paper First of all, industrialization developments give rise to roundhouse gases which include carbon dioxide and methane. A series of consequences are caused by high content of the greenhouse gases. The content Of carbon dioxide in the air and temperature are rising. The earth is not appropriate for human being to live anymore when it rises up to a certain extent one day. Furthermore, what serious results greenhouse gases bring about is ice thawing and ocean levels rising and coastal pain flooded. It is time that scores of trees should be supposed to be planted and being green eke using less cars more walking is strongly advocated. And global warming is not the only one consequence of industrialization development. In the second place, it also produces copious numbers of harmful gases that contributes to air pollution. The newspaper showed that only one percent of China’s 560 million urban citizens breathes’ air considered safe by the European Union. Furthermore, car’s emission which makes the air not as fresh as before is also the chief culprit to this pollution. Even though air is such an significant object to mankind making people feel comfortable, numerous industries which have no strainers burning the coal release exhaust gases which contain sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. These acid gases will lead to acid rain which is severe air pollution destroying the structure of soil. Consequently industries should procure sulfur filters or use a well-established air pollution control technology. As a final point, although the development of industrialization brings about advanced economy and technology, it results in water pollution as well. On one hand, a majority of rivers are contaminated With industrial pollutant. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Industrialization on the Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Industrialization on the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Industrialization on the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Because of this, progressively more seas are turning into dead seas. Furthermore, a great deal of fish and various marine animals cannot exist anymore leading to the decrease of biological diversity. On the other hand, though there is fresh water, it is unfortunate that a great amount of it can no longer be used. With water polluted, the demand for fresh water in people’s daily life and in industry seems not to decrease instead increase. As a result, government would purchase advanced technology to refine it. In conclusion, though industrialization results in economic development making people’s life advanced and comfortable, it correspondingly brings about global warming water pollution and air pollution inevitably. As the old saying goes, environment to man is what water to fish. At present, it is high time for government to take efficient measures to prevent the environment from being worsen. Law is an efficient way to restrain people. It depends on individual. Therefore begin from myself.

10 CCOT Essay Topics on Chemistry Research

10 CCOT Essay Topics on Chemistry Research Has your professor tasked you with writing a CCOT Essay on Chemistry Research? Not sure where to begin? If you are reading this guide, your troubles are over! We have helped hundreds to thousands of students write excellent CCOT essays and this guide will help you get started too. For any particular subject/topic, we introduce three major guides that contain almost everything about the particular topic you want to write on, plus how it’s written, and the basics and methods of writing it. This has been proven to be very useful and had helped many students produce stellar assignments. We hope you will benefit the same way, once you’re done reading and following all three of our guides. In this first guide, 10 facts for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, you are introduced to 10 credible facts on Chemistry Research, so that you have the context and information you need to write a CCOT essay on your own. In our second guide, 20 topics for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, we’ve compiled 20 topics relevant to chemistry research, so you won’t have to bother thinking about what topics to write on. The topic suggestions will certainly help you start writing instantaneously. We’ve also included a sample essay based on one of the 20 topics so that you can see how a CCOT essay is written on Chemistry Research. Finally, in our last and third guide, how to write a CCOT essay on chemistry research, we explain what a CCOT essay is at its core, how it’s written and the formats as well as methods used in it. This will go a long way to help you write an exemplary essay, leaving your professors awestruck. Here are the 10 Facts on Chemistry Research: The bonding of hydrogen is one of the most important aspects of biochemistry and psychiatry that help study chemical events and how molecules interact with each other. This results in behaviors that are highly observable. Here is why this is considered very important. Hydrogen bonding is crucially important for our body and nervous system. It gives way to the study of biochemical neuro translation. Hydrogen bonding form a dipole-dipole moment since they are highly electronegative – they have partially positive and partially negative charges. In order to have proper analysis or research on a specific chemical you have to do a load of specifics processes. You have to do some sampling, which may result in sampling errors that need to be corrected. Naming the sampling is also necessary in order to know what is what. It’s time to prepare your samples for analysis. After the preparation, the analysis takes place. Signals are recorded and evaluated. These signals are then processed accordingly. The result of the analysis is then evaluated to see the correctness, exactness and reproducibility. After the evaluation, the analysis is checked for plausibility. If plausible, it’s certified by the rightful authorities. In the end, the research or analysis is filed in a journal. There are two types of methods for quantitative analysis. First - atomic spectroscopy is used for heavy metals that are found in soil, waste or water. Second - gas chromatography is used for solvents present in soil, water, air or waste water. The definition of analytical chemistry is not universal and there seems to be disagreement regarding it. It states â€Å"the analysis of chemicals to describe their property and characterizing their composition through qualitative and quantitative measurements is known as Analytical Chemistry†. However, the real description of analytical chemistry is something else. Many renowned chemists don’t consider analytical chemistry to be a branch of chemistry. In fact, they consider it an application of chemical knowledge. The craft of analytical chemistry is often misinterpreted as chemical analysis; however, both are different and play uniquely different roles. Analytical chemistry is responsible for the development of procedures and methods, improvising them and establishing old methods into new types of samples – which can be used to measure chemical phenomena. In order words, analytical chemistry is used to enhance studies and research that revolve around chemistry itself. There are a plethora of answers to the question, â€Å"What is the perspective of analytical chemistry?† However, this can be easily described in a five-step process. First, identify the problem and then define what it is. Create an experimental procedure to find the solution. Conduct the experiment and gather necessary data needed for evaluation. Analyze the data obtained from the experiment. Once the solution has been found, propose it. The bonding capacity of hydrogen is highly electronegative which helps create a strong electrical attraction, allowing various molecules, peptides and amino acids to get glued together. Neuropeptides have revolutionized psychiatric research in the past few years. The peptides are actually formed through a process known as â€Å"dehydration synthetics†, where hydrogen separates itself from oxygen; i.e. separation of H2O. There are three constructs of neuropeptides which lay the foundation of the theory of neuropeptides: Peptides are chemical signals in the endocrine system that includes the nervous system of the peripheral. The general principle is that neuroscience is actually the necro secretion of peptides. The last construct is that these neuropeptides are responsive to the nervous system. Neuropeptides are the most diversified and complex class of signaling molecules that are triggered through psychological processes in the body and nervous system. One of the most important polypeptides is the Cyclase Activating Polypeptide. Blocking of this peptide results in the symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress. We’re sure you found these facts interesting. These will substantially help you write an excellent CCOT essay. Let’s move on to our next guide, 20 topics for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, where you are provided with 20 relevant topics along with a sample essay to help you start writing without any hitches. Be sure to follow up with our final guide, how to write a CCOT essay on chemistry research, which tells you exactly how a CCOT essay is written, along with some tips to make it strikingly awesome. References: Ruben Rafayelyan, (2016) Neuropeptides, Depression and Biochemistry UC Irvine Department of Social Scienceshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/270274708_Chemistry_research_paper Prof. Dr. Manfred Sietz and Dr. Andreas Sonnenberg – Short introduction intoAnalytical Chemistry, FH Lippe und Hà ¶xter, University of Applied Science. https://www.hs-owl.de/fb8/fileadmin/download_verzeichnis/chemie/Analytical_Chemistry.pdf Prof. Clemens F Kaminski, (2013) Part I Chemical Engineering Section 2 (ex-ET) ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY CFK/PJB http://six.cheng.cam.ac.uk/wiki/images/0/01/AChem_Notes.pdf Liu, H., Dasgupta, P. K. (1996). Analytical chemistry in a drop. Solvent extraction in a microdrop. Analytical Chemistry, 68(11), 1817-1821. Booksh, K. S., Kowalski, B. R. (1994). Theory of analytical chemistry. Analytical Chemistry, 66(15), 782A-791A. Backes, C., Sedaghat-Hamedani, F., Frese, K., Hart, M., Ludwig, N., Meder, B., Keller, A. (2016). Bias in high-throughput analysis of miRNAs and implications for biomarker studies. Analytical chemistry, 88(4), 2088-2095. Armstrong, D. W. (2016). Enhanced Performance Separations: Smaller, Faster, More Complex Samples. Analytical chemistry.

CRJS471IP3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS471IP3 - Research Paper Example If the dried blood is on small objects, the whole object should be sent to the laboratory after being packed and labeled. However, if the stains are on large objects or on the floor, they must be covered with clean paper and edges should be sealed with tape. If the object is too big to take to the laboratory or the stains are on the floor, the stains must be scrapped onto a clean paper, which is to be folded and packed in an envelope. The stains must not be scrapped directly in an envelope; they must be scrapped using knives that are freshly washed and dried, or any other similar tool. Dried stains must not be mixed together; they should be kept separately in different envelopes and must not be wiped using wet cloth. Blood stains can be immensely helpful in criminal investigations as modern tests help to specify one person from millions. Forensic scientists may carry out DNA tests, ABO blood types, and many others to find out the exact person (Ian, 2010). If a handgun is found at the crime scene, it should never be submitted directly to the laboratory. Loaded guns must be submitted in person and unfired cartridges should be left in the magazine of the gun when the magazine is removed from it. A handgun with the cartridge must never be shipped or delivered through any method. The bore or the chamber must not be cleaned before submitting, nor should it be attempted to fire. The serial number, model, make, and caliber must be recorded and marked on it. Marking the weapons is an important part as it saves the guns from mixing up with others of the same models but different crime scenes. Handguns must be packed in wooden or cardboard boxes. Blood stains or fingerprints can be present on the weapon which can be tested find out the criminals or people present at the crime scene. Shotguns and rifles, and other types of weapons must be separated from one another and sent separately to laboratories. If there are blood stains, they should be covered with

Alternative strategies for Ducati Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alternative strategies for Ducati - Essay Example Though Ducati products were well accomplished with technical excellence, as Professor Gavetti (2001) points out, the decision of the major shareholders to refocus on products other than motorcycles led way to the turn down of the company. The acquisition of Ducati by Cagiva improved the Ducati’s status in the market but eventually resulted in liquidity crisis which deprived the working capital funding of Ducati. As a result there was much delay in the payment as well as production. Ducati instead of widening its market to the production of variety of other products, it must utilize the technical excellence of its product lines for the manufacture of motor cycles. It must think of bringing up innovativeness in the design of motorcycles to attract and fascinate the customers. Women were found to contribute a major part of the customers for other motorcycle manufacturers like Harley. Hence, Ducati must pay attention to the choices of women and try to retain them as main customers . One of the key reasons for the under utilization of the Ducati’s potential and excellence was the lack of effective management strategies. Effective and well organized managerial strategies are recommendable for the development of any company and its trade. Thus Ducati must be directed by a dynamic and committed management in order to implement effective managerial strategies. The presence of a vibrant manger would eradicate the chaos and internal problems which were found to be significant barriers for the creative decision making. Identifying the real passion of people and implementing those in the production can be highly advantageous for Ducati in drawing the attention of customers and persuading them to buy the products. It is inevitable to focus on creating a good stature in the international market in order to grab the attention of customers because customer satisfaction is the ultimate objective of the modern market. As the competition is rising, Ducati must concent rate on building broader spectrum of customers by conducting effective market researches and thereby upgrading innovativeness in the production processes. According to Gavetti (11), Ducati adopted firm selection procedures and other control measures which resulted in the reduction of the number of suppliers; they hardly had any long term suppliers. Though this enhanced the quality and reliability of their products, it resulted in the increased maintenance costs. It is required to focus on the quality of products and at the same it’s important to maintain adequate number of suppliers. The choices of the sources of suppliers can be increased only by maintaining adequate number of suppliers. It is possible to choose the potential supply at affordable prices through the option of selection from a wide range of suppliers which would assist the company to increase the effectiveness of its operations. To conclude, Ducati should be up-to-date with the varying tastes and preferences o f the consumers and try to bring the identified needs to the product line. The major suggestions are listed below 1. In the given case, exhibit 5 represents that Ducati does not produce cruiser, touring or off-road bikes; instead, they mainly concentrate on bikes over 400 cc. It would only satisfy the interests of youngsters, and the majority public has been ignored. So, it is advisable that Ducati should enter the market of general types of motor cycles also. 2. Similarly, exhibit 8 indicates that sales of super-sport bikes do not show a noticeable upward trend. Hence, it is suggestible to make adequate modifications in this model after surveying consumers’

An Examination Of The Kalabagh Dam Controversy Environmental Sciences Essay

An Examination Of The Kalabagh Dam Controversy Environmental Sciences Essay Since the Independence of Pakistan in August 14th 1947, Pakistan had many dams but the three main operating dams were Tarbela, Mangla, and Warsak. For the past decade following the new millennium, there has been an immense electricity shortage in the country of nearly 3000 megawatts due to severe water logging and siltation in the dams. Thereby President Pervez Musharaff in 2005, realizing this great problem, re-opened the idea of Kalabagh dam, in December 2005, It was said to be in the greater interest of the nation. This dam was to be built on the Indus River. It was situated in Kalabagh in the Mianwali district which is in the province of Punjab. The dam would be bordering the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa area. This multipurpose dam would provide a storage capacity of 6.1 million acres, which would not only provide water for irrigation but for the development of new projects under the Water Appointment Accord (WAA) of 1991. However, even though this project was already proposed in 2008, whe n the peoples party government came into power, Raja Pervez Ashraf the Federal Minister for Water and Power cancelled the plan by stating that there was fierce opposition from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and that the project was no longer feasible. kalabagh 3.jpg kalabagh 4.jpg This disagreement arose due to a conflict of interests between the three provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Main reason was that there would be unequal benefits to the provinces. However, after the heavy floods that touched Pakistan in the year of 2010, many believed that the construction of the Kalabagh dam would have helped save a large amount of devastation. The main importance of dams is to stop the flow of water, divert water, generate hydroelectricity, and provide water for irrigation, improving navigation, supply water to a town or a city, flood control, and generate power for that specific area. The main controversies that exist in this issue can be highlighted as water availability, food security, energy, the environmental and ecosystem impacts, the technical and financial feasibility of Kalabagh, social impacts; these include community displacement and rehabilitation. The debate on the Kalabagh dam takes its importance from the fact that if it had been built it could have saved the country from its worst ever natural disasters in which 20 million people were displaced. Apart from this, the dam if built would be able to produce 3500 megawatts of electricity which could have in turn saved the country from the power crisis it is facing today. However, this debate can be rebounded through another theory that if the three operating dams Mangla, Tarbela, and Warsak flush the silt, the country would almost be rid of its power shortage in the first place and it would mean a huge misallocation of resources in a time where the country is already in great debt. There seems to be a chronic mistrust and conflict of self interest between the central governments, land owners and politicians from which some fear that the building of the dam could mean more floods, and eventually destroy their crops. The Kalabagh dam would cost an estimated US $3.4 billion and was scheduled to be completed in a time span of six years. Literature Review kalabagh 8.gif Debate The Kalabagh dam is a huge and costly multipurpose project. Its main focus will be to provide electricity, and water for irrigation. The Kalabagh mega dam will professedly be able to generate 3600MW of electricity and store 6.1 MAF of water which will be able to irrigate 2 million acres providing for the food, and power needs of Pakistan. However, it will result in severe degradation of land by water-logging in about 20 years time. The other issues are the financial issues related with the building of Kalabagh dam. There is a very tiny possibility of our government in getting financial aid from international organizations. Most probably the dam will only increases are countries debts. However, if private infrastructure funds are attracted to finance the Kalabagh dam at a high return rate, it is uncertain that the project will still stay fiscally and cost-effectively feasible.1 The thought and possibility of building a large scale irrigation and power generation project at Kalabagh has evoked fierce criticisms among stakeholders. This has enabled this topic to still be a debated argument, and idea without a clear conclusion The very thought of building a large scale dam and not many smaller ones, to the thought of providing fair compensation, and the tremendous environmental and social impacts has emerged Kalabagh as an intensive and extensive field of argument. Clear cut information gaps, with low credibility of the government and the operating agencies, puts Kalabagh as an obstacle to informed debate. People supporting the construction of kalabagh dam argue that it is essential to meet the growing demands of an ever increasing population for cheap food, energy and that it will also increase the useful life of Mangla and Tarbela dams through reducing siltation. There seems to be an absence of systematic comparisons of Kalabagh with alternative ways of increasing deliveries of water in the irrigation system. It remains seemingly doubtful whether water flow in the Indus are violated or modified. Second, if fresh water below Kotri are reduced, the impact upon people dependant on agriculture and fisheries in coastal Sindh is highly disastrous. This will further result in the violation of the Water Accord. Another harmful effect of severe irrigation increase could also cumulate to further high levels of water logging and salinity in the Indus basin. kalabagh 9.jpe Continuous failures by the government in Tarbela, Ghazi barotha and Chotiari inspire little confidence in the government. The seminar also raised fundamental issues about the collection of funding for the construction of the kalabagh dam. If this project was to take place, hundreds and thousands of people will have to be resettled.1 Feasibility The Kalabagh mega dam will professedly be able to generate 3600MW of electricity and store 6.1 MAF of water which will be able to irrigate 2 million acres providing for the food and power needs of Pakistan. The inundated kucha Lands along the river Indus are 595,000 acres of think forest land and 600,000 of rich grazing land. If kalabagh dam project is given a green light, it could result in the grazing of this land which will further result in the lost of economic and social well being of a million people. However, it could also result in solving the power crisis of the entire country. Furthermore, the mangrove forest in Pakistan is spread over 650,000 acres and is the 6th largest in the world. It protects and nurtures thousands of botanic, aquatic, and wild life species. kalabagh 5.jpg Construction of Kalabagh will threaten the existence of these species. The total estimated cost of financing this project would be around US $8.0 billion (Oct, 1996 cost). The positive outcome identified from Kalabagh dam would be the Indus floods every five or six years, if there was a place to store this water, most of Pakistans problems concerning water availability would be almost over.2 Besides storing over 6 million acre feet of water for irrigation purposes, the dam would produce over 3600 MW. Kalabagh would be a source of cheap electricity and could serve to a massive advantage of many people. Petitions by some people have been filled against the federal government of neglecting the national interest by abandoning the project of Kalabagh which if constructed could serve hugely advantageous to the national economy. The dam would be a multipurpose project and should purely be falling in the domain of professional engineers as it seems that politicians oppose the dam more for political reasons than for any defect in the project. Opinions of Provinces kalabagh 10.gif The leading political party in creating opposition was the Awami National Party which expressed fierce reservations on the issue. The then Prime Minister Nawaz Shariff supported the construction and said that it should initiate without any further delay. Stakeholders in the National interest say that the agriculture and industrial sector could be served with the construction of the Kalabagh dam. It would be able to serve 2400 MW hydel power which could be maximized up to 3600 MW. According to some prominent individuals, It seems to be critical that the Kalabagh issue be resolved as day by day the the storace capacity of Mangla, Tarbela, and Chashma is gradually decreasing by sediment deposits. A difference of opinion in the ruling provinces has risen with Punjab and the federal government vowing for and the other three provinces voting against. A wrong decision could indeed jolt the federation.3 The irrigation and hydropower structure constructed along the 2900 km long the length of the river Indus includes two dams, nineteen barrages and forty three canals. The proposed location is 200 km downstream of Tarbela and Mianwali in Punjab province. The project will provide 35000 jobs. Experts say that Wapda has exaggerated the figures of water availability and that the water quality will be degraded if project initiates. The Arabian sea water might travel upwards for considerable distances submerging/immersing large region of lower Sindh. The shortage of water created by the dam could result the desertification of Sindh. Wapda has claimed that there is 17 MAF net available water but actually there is a shortage in the system and that Pakistan requires 16.0 MAF, so there is no surplus water for Kalabagh dam. It is also argued that if the water level in Mangla was increased without any major capital investment, what was the need for the construction of Kalabagh dam at the cost of Rs. 250 billion. Also, if farming practices were corrected, water logging and salinity could be reduced and there would be no need for the construction of Kalabagh.4 Division proportions The Kalabagh debate facts are not transparent and key issues like how much Indus river water is available and for whose usage and what expense remains unanswered. The 6.1 MAF water stored at Kalabagh is planned to be distributed as follows: Here are the supposed calculations of the water distribution, NWFP 1.1MAF, Punjab 2.1 MAF, Sindh 2.1 MAF and Balochistan 0.7MAF. This clearly shows that water distribution will be far from proportionately divided. Recent studies by professional analysts also clearly show that Wapda has incorrectly calculated the eastern river flows.5 Matters to consider Looking at the historical context, three trends can be seen, firstly, the need for water increasing, secondly, available water decreasing, and lastly downstream flow of water also decreasing. Like previously, it also seems unclear how the federal government plans to compensate the displaced persons, particularly the Sindhis who will be affected the most if the dam is to be built. From the information gathered, it can be noted that the construction of Kalabagh would mean a critical loss of natural habitat; we need more information on how Kalabagh will affect the Indus and Pakistan before making a decision.6 Discussion: kalabagh 11.jpg The Kalabagh dam has many positive and negative sides to it. Many specialists believe that Kalabagh dam is a constructive and necessary project while others believe that it has too many substantial negative aspects to it, and that it would be a bad idea to go through constructing it. My personal perspective on Kalabagh is that it should not be made and instead a better planned dam with less profound resistances, and difficulties should be implemented. Many facts show that Kalabagh dam could bring about major catastrophic problems, and yet would not guarantee the required supply of energy. Some major problems of the Kalabagh dam being implemented include the major problem of the Indus River running out of water or the water that remains there could get polluted due to salinity. The Indus river has already seen water shortages in the past decade, and the dams that are present already have not been able to be filled to their capacities. Besides this, the major conflict between the Punjab and the other three provinces is far too great. It is a common thing to believe among the people of the other three provinces that only the Punjab would be benefiting from the project. This belief amongst the three provinces can lead to a huge dispute within the country. The other major conflicts that caused for the plan to be rejected back in 1996 were that Kalabagh has been estimated to silt quicker than normal dams, the overall articulated performance of the dam seems not to be up to the required standard, and would have more cons than pros. It is estimated that the electricity that would be generated would be much less than the other already operating, and what is really needed. The electricity generation being so less, would mean that the maintenance, and operating expenses of the dam would be higher than the overall outcome. If the dam silts quicker this could cause the capacity of the dam and its performance to decrease even further. Another serious concern of the Kalabagh dam project is the displacement of the people who live in the area near the projected dam. These people will have to be resettled elsewhere which is another serious cost to the government. There would be a huge loss in the fertile land of the country, especially in the Punjab and Khyberpakhtunkhwa provinces. kalabagh 2.jpg The Kalabagh dam project is located near the forests where there is a huge amount of wildlife as well as trees necessary for mans survival in that area. These trees have material necessary for manufacturing of certain herbs and medicines. Endangering the wildlife is in turn dangerous for us as well, as food chains and the environment would be negatively afflicted. roads.jpg The structured building of the Kalabagh dam would also affect some of the major transportation routes in those particular areas. One of such bypasses is the Attock-Talang by-pass. These highways and bypasses would have to find a substitute route and this would cause further plans, implementation, and construction of new roads all across the province. This would further increase the cost, and would mean additional costs to the already weak project.7 The Kalabagh dam would bring more pressure on the river Kabul, and this would in-turn cause more water logging. Another disruption would be in providing gas. Kalabagh would disrupt the Sui gas pipe line between Peshawar-Rawalpindi, and Rawalpindi-Kohat. This would mean that new ways must be found to produce gas to these areas just as effectively and efficiently as these Sui gas lines do. Kalabagh dam would need a high amount of capacity to be filled for storage and irrigation canals, and to fill these amounts Sindh and Balochistan would have to suffer from shortages in water availability. This discussion could go on and on, the list will keep growing. However, the last major issue that the project of Kalabagh represents is that the location at which the dam is designed to be built lies on a faulty piece of earth, where a major earthquake could result in a really massive disaster.8 http://www.doodhpattiblogs.com/wp-content/earthquake_Pakistan.jpg In a world where the worlds less fortunate countries continue to be taken for granted by the more powerful nations, and where constant exploitation is norm, the World Bank continues on to show its state of readiness for the help of the Kala Bagh Dam, financially or otherwise. It has continued on to express that this project is the largest one currently present in the Banks Agenda. It has been in the Banks books since 1962 when Sir William Illif, the Banks chairman, along with USAID gave their votes for the Kala Bagh Dam. Wapda, on the other hand, were in the favor of the Tarbela Dam, which was later on selected by the countrys government and became the entity after a little while. kalabagh 7.JPG The Kala Bagh Dam has been described as a social service for the countrys electricity users who are using it free of cost. It has also been noted that the main idea behind the whole Kala Bagh Dam Project was to construct another source of electrical power generation for Pakistan, which has been facing deficits in meeting its electrical power demand. The Environmental Impact of the project is also considered to be a major issue. Keeping all these things in mind, the project incurs more social costs than benefits if the project is accepted and brought into construction.9 kalabagh 12.jpg It can be concluded that Kalabagh dam is not going to be beneficial to the country. It obviously poses some positive points such as higher production of energy, more irrigation, but these claims are just claims and have not stood well under the analysis of technical experts. WAPDA along with the present government has had a reputation for being highly non reliable, and untrustworthy. The projective supporters of Kalabagh seem to have not addressed the problems that would arise from the project in much detail. Even if the claims of the governments and the figures by WAPDA are accepted there are other major problems that cannot possibly be dealt with easily dealt with or avoided. The pollution of the water in the areas of Sindh and Balochistan are major sources of disputes. Even on human grounds when people living in those areas would be displaced, besides the cost, the people would have to move to a whole new lifestyle and familiarize themselves to a whole new environment. The long term effects of Kalabagh dam are inevitable such as the environmental degradation of the forests and the wildlife being adversely affected. Instead of constructing Kalabagh, the full capacity of the Pakistans existing dams Tarbela, Warsak, and Mangla should be utilized by clearing the silt, and increasing the height of the walls. Kalabagh dam is a mega project with huge risks as well. It would be wiser to construct a number of small dams which could produce the required energy, and not have major conflicts of opinion associated with their construction. kalabagh 13.jpg

Auto Tuning Fiddler Essay -- Fiddler Crab, Pacific Ocean

Fiddler crabs live through the Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean on land (McLain 2010). There are over 100 species and their size ranges from 2.5 to 5 cm wide (McLain 2010). Both of the female claws are small but one of the males claw grows significantly larger and it can weigh up to half their bodies weigh (Murai 2009). Adults will continue to grow by molting as they age (McLain 2010). The male will use his overgrown claw as a status of strength and health but some male fiddler crabs can fake a large claw and still get the same benefits even though he is actually weak (Murai 2009). The size of the male claw varies according to how much nutrients and foods are in his habitat and how much he is able to eat (McLain 2010). Fiddler crab diet consist or algae, bacteria, decaying plants and, animal matter, and fungus (McLain 2010). They try to eat in puddles of water so it is easier to separate food from dirt (McLain 2010). The female crab uses both claws to feed while the male can only use his small claw making it harder to feed (McLain 2010). The male crabs will fight over territory for resources (McLain 2010). Before males fight they exhibit their big claw and if neither one backs away they will fight (Hirose 2010). In most fights they wrestle around for show and rarely get hurt (Hirose 2010). If they happen to lose their big claw during a fight or its lost to a predator the small claw will begin to grow while the other is regenerated (Murai 2009). The new claw will grow to be just like the old one, but some males can manipulate its growth and grow a new claw that looks like the original but uses less nutrients to produce because its lighter and toothless (Murai 2009). This fake claw is we... ...w or they just can’t find large portions of food to grow back or support a big claw (McLain 2010). The females are attracted to healthy big claw males (Muramatsu 2001).According to natural selection the males unable to have a healthy life will not reproduce (Muramatsu 2001). Some of these crabs that have a tough time will get so desperate to be successful they will grow a fake claw that cost less resources to grow/maintain and looks exactly the same as a normal one with the exception that its lighter, has no teeth and its weaker (McLain 2010). Neither males nor females will know the difference (Murai 2009). The other males will respect him for having a stronger claw and the females will be attracted to him for having a better wave/mating ritual (Murai 2009). These crabs cheat natural selection by faking superiority making natural selection irrelevant (Murai 2009).

Down: Personal Life and Time Essay

In college it is easy to stray away from the main purpose, which is having a higher education. College years are supposed to include fun but not too much fun. There are many ideals to consider when trying achieving success in school. They way students manage their time and consume energy has an effect on the outcome of their success. Relaxation also plays a significant role in the turn out of school. The way I schedule my time will benefit me in the long run. I must set a schedule that gives me my daily routine and the time it has to be done. Even recording the time it takes to do it will help. Giving myself free time will allow me to still maintain my grades. For example, if an emergency were to occur, I would have time to fix the issues and still return to my studies. Another contribution is having ways to conserve energy. Sleeping for the right amount of time always seems to help me stay refreshed and rejuvenated. Sleeping allow you to be more alert in class and make better grades in class. The right foods will nourish my body and allow healthy benefits as sleep. I also try to find time to exercise at the YMCA for at least an hour. If I do not go to the YMCA I try to walk in my down time. Exercising will put the body in shape and keep my blood pumping, which is always healthy for the heart. Exercising moves the muscles so that I do not become weak overtime. If I do not use them I will lose them. The people that students surround themselves with will either help them or deteriorate their outcome in school. Throughout life they will encounter those who are there for a reason. It is their job to determine what that reason is. If they put themselves with people who only do bad things and have no set goals, you are bound to be like them. Of course no good would become of that. If they only hang around those who do good deeds and set an example of what an ideal student is, then you are likely to do so as they do. Students must find ways to relax and have a stress free college life. The other ideas that I mentioned earlier could assist with this like time management and energy level. How can someone have a stress free life? Well, in my opinion, I do not believe it is all the way possible to absolutely no stress whatsoever but there are ways to reduce it. These ways include staying out of drama. I try to make friends and always understand others point of view. By doing this, it lowers the chances of disagreements and fosters a better campus life. If grades and classes are what are stressing me out, then I enhance my study habits or find creative ways to know the material I am struggling with. If students have great ways to improve their chances in college then they will always help a little more than before. It will let them have the opportunity to say not only did they graduate but they did it with the least amount of struggle possible. College life may be simplified having a time plan in which things should be done, reserving energy and making sure one is stress free. These tactics will make a student a better person who has general success.